Effects of Low-Temperature Stress on Grain Seeds Germination by Infrared Spectroscopy

Qian Che; Gang Liu; Xue Tian; Quanhong Ou; Weimin Yan; Youming Shi

doi:10.3788/LOP221586

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 15, 1530003(2023)

Effects of Low-Temperature Stress on Grain Seeds Germination by Infrared Spectroscopy

Qian Che¹, Gang Liu^1、*, Xue Tian¹, Quanhong Ou¹, Weimin Yan¹, and Youming Shi²

Author Affiliations

¹School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China

²School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China

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Figures & Tables(18)

Fig. 1. Fourier transform infrared spectra of grain seeds germinated at different temperatures. (a) Quinoa; (b) highland barley; (c) rice; (d) wheat

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Fig. 2. Curve fitting spectra of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

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Fig. 3. Curve fitting spectra of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1

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Table 1. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination potential of four grain seeds
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Table 1. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination potential of four grain seeds
Grain varieties Temperature
25 ℃（CK） 20 ℃ 15 ℃ 10 ℃ 4 ℃
Quinoa 8±0.9 4±0.5 5±0.4 2±0.1 2±0.01
Highland barley 52±3.6 52±3.1 40±2.6 22±1.8 18±1.5
Rice 18±1.3 0 0 0 0
Wheat 80±2.8 70±3.1 64±3.1 8±0.7 0

Table 2. Effects of low-temperature stress on the seed germination rate of fourgrain seeds

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Table 2. Effects of low-temperature stress on the seed germination rate of fourgrain seeds

Grain varieties	Temperature
Grain varieties	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
Quinoa	22±1.3	9±0.9	8±0.7	6±0.4	4±0.3
Highland barley	96±3.9	92±4.3	86±2.3	78±2.8	74±3.0
Rice	78±3.1	68±2.8	0	0	0
Wheat	96±3.3	88±3.4	84±3.1	80±2.7	8±0.6

Table 3. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination index of fourgrain seeds

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Table 3. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination index of fourgrain seeds

Grain varieties	Temperature
Grain varieties	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
Quinoa	12.56±1.00	5.63±0.02	5.32±0.04	5.24±0.03	1.67±0.01
Highland barley	18.57±1.41	18.72±0.05	22.05±1.24	14.59±1.35	16.66±0.45
Rice	2.85±0.05	0.18±0.02	0	0	0
Wheat	33.36±0.71	32.24±1.48	24.78±1.20	11.81±0.75	10.52±0.41

Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

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Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Wave number ν /cm^-1	Temperature
Wave number ν /cm^-1	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
998	25.91	26.53	27.07	29.21	28.34
1023	5.62	13.36	10.94	6.94	9.09
1047	27.43	22.02	22.98	24.40	23.15
1080	5.37	6.61	6.01	5.88	5.89
1100	14.05	15.54	14.65	14.20	14.39
1124	2.85	1.96	2.04	2.18	1.80
1154	13.42	14.93	14.44	13.84	13.89
Total	94.65	100.50	98.13	96.65	96.55

Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

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Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Wave number ν /cm^-1	Temperature
Wave number ν /cm^-1	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
993	21.70	23.18	22.43	22.83	24.05
1024	29.38	24.77	26.47	21.08	18.48
1054	12.18	15.49	13.75	15.69	17.52
1080	5.31	4.80	5.00	4.39	4.27
1102	19.06	22.22	20.52	22.12	21.90
1126	0.79	0.68	0.69	0.57	0.71
1158	14.82	13.91	14.15	12.85	13.34
Total	103.24	105.05	103.01	99.53	100.27

Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

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Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Wave number ν /cm^-1	Temperature
Wave number ν /cm^-1	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
998	27.49	19.89	17.76	20.75	23.82
1023	11.68	16.36	24.44	21.89	14.83
1050	19.01	11.18	9.18	11.27	17.08
1080	5.27	3.88	4.13	4.44	4.06
1102	16.86	16.41	17.93	18.75	19.32
1126	1.05	0.60	0.59	0.62	0.70
1156	13.47	11.53	12.84	13.73	13.12
Total	94.83	79.85	86.87	91.45	92.93

Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

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Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Wave number ν /cm^-1	Temperature
Wave number ν /cm^-1	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
991	19.73	21.55	24.34	23.61	23.44
1023	30.29	26.59	21.31	22.27	18.70
1054	10.62	13.82	16.17	14.15	16.17
1080	4.27	4.44	4.00	4.22	3.99
1101	22.86	24.13	26.19	22.92	23.27
1126	0.47	0.47	0.47	0.55	0.47
1159	13.59	13.20	12.73	13.71	12.60
Total	101.83	104.20	105.21	101.13	98.64

Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

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Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Secondary structure	Temperature
Secondary structure	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
β-sheet	4.36	3.69	3.62	4.89	4.95
α-helix	3.40	3.13	3.09	2.79	2.41
Random coil	0.89	0.78	1.76	0.28	2.59
β-turns	3.33	2.85	2.97	3.67	0.90
Total	11.98	10.45	11.44	11.63	10.85

Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
View table
Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
Secondary structure Temperature
25 ℃（CK） 20 ℃ 15 ℃ 10 ℃ 4 ℃
β-sheet 36.37 35.41 31.71 42.05 22.76
α-helix 28.38 29.95 27.00 24.02 30.68
Random coil 7.44 7.42 15.40 2.38 20.65
β-turns 27.81 27.22 25.94 31.65 25.92

Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

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Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Secondary structure	Temperature
Secondary structure	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
β-sheet	3.09	5.16	3.10	3.07	3.36
α-helix	2.89	1.99	3.05	2.02	4.55
Random coil	2.13	1.40	0.49	0.95	0.32
β-turns	2.57	2.95	2.76	3.07	2.75
Total	10.68	11.50	9.40	9.11	10.98

Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
View table
Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
Secondary structure Temperature
25 ℃（CK） 20 ℃ 15 ℃ 10 ℃ 4 ℃
β-sheet 28.91 35.02 32.94 33.71 30.65
α-helix 27.06 20.36 32.44 22.14 41.35
Random coil 19.95 14.31 5.26 10.47 2.95
β-turns 24.07 30.30 29.35 33.69 25.04

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

View table

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Secondary structure	Temperature
Secondary structure	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
β-sheet	3.54	4.02	3.97	4.60	3.50
α-helix	3.70	3.37	4.05	5.07	4.28
Random coil	1.79	1.47	1.66	1.32	3.02
β-turns	2.56	3.33	3.20	4.16	2.35
Total	11.59	12.19	12.88	15.15	13.15

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

View table

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Secondary structure	Temperature
Secondary structure	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
β-sheet	30.61	32.95	30.82	30.39	26.56
α-helix	31.89	27.65	31.42	33.46	32.57
Random coil	15.43	12.05	12.90	8.73	23.00
β-turns	22.07	27.36	24.86	27.42	17.85

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

View table

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Secondary structure	Temperature
Secondary structure	25 ℃（CK）	20 ℃	15 ℃	10 ℃	4 ℃
β-sheet	5.29	4.31	5.27	5.52	5.64
α-helix	4.52	6.63	7.23	7.06	7.05
Random coil	0.88	0.09	0.22	0.18	0.31
β-turns	5.11	3.59	4.30	4.62	4.74
Total	15.80	14.62	17.02	17.38	17.74

Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
View table
Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures
Secondary structure Temperature
25 ℃（CK） 20 ℃ 15 ℃ 10 ℃ 4 ℃
β-sheet 33.47 29.50 31.00 31.78 31.76
α-helix 28.60 45.30 42.45 40.63 39.77
Random coil 5.56 0.62 1.30 1.01 1.77
β-turns 32.36 24.58 25.25 26.57 26.69

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Qian Che, Gang Liu, Xue Tian, Quanhong Ou, Weimin Yan, Youming Shi. Effects of Low-Temperature Stress on Grain Seeds Germination by Infrared Spectroscopy[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(15): 1530003

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Paper Information

Category: Spectroscopy

Received: May. 12, 2022

Accepted: Aug. 12, 2022

Published Online: Aug. 11, 2023

The Author Email: Gang Liu (gliu66@163.com)

DOI:10.3788/LOP221586

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination potential of four grain seeds

Table 1. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination potential of four grain seeds

Table 2. Effects of low-temperature stress on the seed germination rate of fourgrain seeds

Table 2. Effects of low-temperature stress on the seed germination rate of fourgrain seeds

Table 3. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination index of fourgrain seeds

Table 3. Effects of low-temperature stress on germination index of fourgrain seeds

Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm-1

Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 4. Sub-peak positions and areas of quinoa seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 5. Sub-peak positions and areas of highland barley seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 6. Sub-peak positions and areas of rice seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 7. Sub-peak positions and areas of wheat seeds at different germination temperatures in the range of 1200-950 cm^-1

Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 8. Secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 9. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of quinoa seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 10. Secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 11. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of highland barley seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 12. Secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 13. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of rice seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 14. Secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700-1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures

Table 15. Percentage of secondary structure peak areas of wheat seeds in the range of 1700~1600 cm^-1 at different germination temperatures