Design of LiDAR Receiving Optical System Based on Diffractive Lenses

Mengxia Hou; Bin Fan; Jiajia Yin; Bo Liu; Lihua Wang; Dun Liu; Chao Hu

doi:10.3788/LOP232246

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 13, 1322001(2024)

Design of LiDAR Receiving Optical System Based on Diffractive Lenses

Mengxia Hou^1,2,3,4, Bin Fan^2、*, Jiajia Yin^2、**, Bo Liu², Lihua Wang², Dun Liu², and Chao Hu^2,3

¹National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, Sichuan , China

²Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, Sichuan , China

³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

⁴School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Figures & Tables(14)

$Phase structure of diffractive lens[17]. (a) Continuous structure; (b) eight-step quantization structure$

Fig. 1. Phase structure of diffractive lens^[17]. (a) Continuous structure; (b) eight-step quantization structure

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$Preliminary structure of LiDAR receiving optical system based on diffractive element$

Fig. 2. Preliminary structure of LiDAR receiving optical system based on diffractive element

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$The simulation results of diffractive element. (a) Huygens PSF; (b) footprint diagram$

Fig. 3. The simulation results of diffractive element. (a) Huygens PSF; (b) footprint diagram

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Fig. 4. Design flow chart of collimation system/refocus system

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Fig. 5. Receiving optical system design result

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Fig. 6. The simulation results of receiving optical system. (a) Spot diagram; (b) Huygens PSF

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$The simulation results of receiving optical system. (a) Footprint diagram; (b) diffraction encircled energy$

Fig. 7. The simulation results of receiving optical system. (a) Footprint diagram; (b) diffraction encircled energy

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$Influence of temperature change on diffraction encircled energy$

Fig. 8. Influence of temperature change on diffraction encircled energy

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Table 1. The parameter index of optical system
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Table 1. The parameter index of optical system
Parameter Value
Wavelength /nm 1064±0.1
Diameter of entrance pupil /mm 50
F number 1.78
Field angle /mrad 0.9
Diameter of detecting surface /μm 80
Transmission /% >60

Table 2. Design parameters of each component

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Table 2. Design parameters of each component

Component	Wavelength /nm	Diameter /mm	F number	Field angle /（°）	Focal length /mm	Image spot size /μm
Diffractive element	1064±0.1	50.00	6.00	0.0258	300.00	$d_{0}$
Collimation system	1064±0.1	20.38	5.88	0.0645	120.00	$d_{0}$
Refocus system	1064±0.1	20.46	1.73	0.0645	35.56	40

Table 3. Phase coefficient of diffraction surface
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Table 3. Phase coefficient of diffraction surface
$a_{1}$ $a_{2}$ $a_{3}$ $a_{4}$ $a_{5}$
-6151.301 10.618 -0.052 0.022 -9.675×10^-3

Table 4. Tolerance allocation of system elements

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Table 4. Tolerance allocation of system elements

Type	Diffractive element	Pinhole /NBF	Other element
Fringes	2.000		2.000
Thickness /mm	0.020	0.040	0.040
Surface decenters /mm	0.015		0.015
Surface tilts /（″）	20.000		72.000
Surface irregularity	1/30 $λ$	0.200	0.200
Element decenters /mm	0.010	0.010	0.015
Element tilts /（″）	20.000	20.000	72.000

Table 5. Sensitive tolerance term
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Table 5. Sensitive tolerance term
Type & Surface Criterion /μm Change /μm
TSDX 8 0.587 0.499
TSDY 8 0.587 0.499
TETY 6-8 0.586 0.498
TETX 6-8 0.586 0.498
TSTX 17 0.530 0.430
TSTY 17 0.530 0.430

Table 6. Monte-Carlo analysis results
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Table 6. Monte-Carlo analysis results
Probability /% RMS radius /μm
98 ≤1.720
90 ≤1.379
80 ≤1.214
50 ≤0.922
20 ≤0.688
10 ≤0.599
2 ≤0.458

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Mengxia Hou, Bin Fan, Jiajia Yin, Bo Liu, Lihua Wang, Dun Liu, Chao Hu. Design of LiDAR Receiving Optical System Based on Diffractive Lenses[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(13): 1322001

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