Fig. 1. A typical example of MD-LED integrated lamp utilizing pyramid structure and four planar light sources

Fig. 2. Proposed ANN model based on RSSR

Fig. 3. Flow chart of RSSR-based ANN model

Fig. 4. Normalized light intensity radiation curves of different types of LEDs. (a) Standard Lambert radiation LED; (b) XLamp^®XR-E LED; (c) Z Power LED

Fig. 5. Simulated LE performance of different types of LEDs adopting RSSR-ANN model (α and γ are tilted angles of PD and LED, respectively). (a)(b) Adopt the LED shown in Fig. 4(a); (c)(d) utilize the LED shown in Fig. 4(b); (e)(f) employ the LED illustrated in Fig. 4(c)

Fig. 6. Two prototypes of MD-LED lamps for experimental verification. (a) Utilizing commercially available Lambert radiation LED chips; (b) employing commercially available LED small downlights

Fig. 7. Experimental scenario^[20]

Fig. 8. Measured LE performance of proposed scheme exploiting the integrated lamp in Fig. 6. (a)(b) Adopt the MD-LED integrated lamp shown in Fig. 6(a); (c)(d) utilize the MD-LED integrated lamp shown in Fig. 6(b)

Fig. 9. LE performance measured in the reflection scenario. (a) Reflection scenario^[20]; (b) measured performance