Fig. 1. Schematic of the Zeeman slower, whose magnetic field is generated by a pair of coils with 32 turns for the MOT. At the bottom, it shows the magnetic field produced by the anti-Helmholtz coil. The inset shows the geometry of the output holes.

Fig. 2. Velocity distribution of the thermal atomic beam without deceleration (red dashed line) and with deceleration (blue solid line). The green dashed and dotted line shows the capture velocity of the MOT.

Fig. 3. Simulation result. (a) The percentage of trapped atoms increases with the saturation parameter s when the frequency detuning Δ/(2π) of the slowing beam is −110MHz (red dots), −120MHz (blue filled triangles), and −130MHz (black filled squares), respectively. (b) The percentage of trapped atoms depends on the frequency detuning Δ/(2π) of the slowing beam at different saturation parameters.

Fig. 4. Experimental result. (a) The number of trapped atoms increases with the saturation parameter s when the frequency detuning Δ/(2π) of the slowing beam is −110MHz (blue dots), −120MHz (magenta open squares), and −130MHz (red open triangles), respectively. The oven temperature is T=653K. The measurement error is about 1% based on ten measurements. (b) The number of trapped atoms depends on the frequency detuning Δ/(2π) of the slowing beam when the saturation parameter is 0.17.