Fig. 1. Division of focal plane Stokes polarimeter. (a) Schematic of the camera sensor^［64］; (b) IMX250MZR polarized mono sensor^［66］

Fig. 2. Polarization grating^[67]. (a) Geometry of the grating and images of the grating taken with an optical microscope; (b) transmission axis of the grating

Fig. 3. Transmission axis of radial polarizer and azimuthal polarizer and modulated intensity images of horizontal liner polarized light. (a) (c) Radial polarizer; (b) (d) azimuthal polarizer

Fig. 4. Schematic of the interferometric Stokes polarimeter based on Savart polariscopes^[69]

Fig. 5. Rapid Mueller matrix polarimeter^[73]. (a) Schematic of the setup; (b) polarization distribution of vectorial optical field generated by VBG

Fig. 6. Full Poincaré beam Mueller matrix polarimeter^[76]. (a) Schematic of the setup; (b) polarization distribution of generated full Poincaré beam

Fig. 7. Axisymmetrical Mueller matrix polarimeter^[77]. (a) Schematic of the setup; (b) AQWPs crossed between polarizers

Fig. 8. Schematic and instrument of the dual division of focal plane polarimeters-based Mueller matrix polarimeter^[78]

Fig. 9. Schematic of the vortex half retarder based polarimeter^[82]

Fig. 10. Physical processes to obtain intensity modulated curve^[82]. (a) Original intensity image; (b) ring area cut from Fig. 10(a); (c) integrals of ring area along the radius; (d) intensity modulated curve

Fig. 11. Measured results of 37 continuously varying polarization states^[39]. (a) Results shown by Stokes parameters; (b) results shown by Poincaré sphere

Fig. 12. Direct measured and calibrated experimental results of 31 different polarization states^[82]. (a) Direct measured and (b) calibrated Stokes parameters; (c) direct measured errors and (d) calibrated errors of Stokes parameters

Fig. 13. Measured results of 37 continuously varying polarization states. (a) Results shown by Stokes parameters; (b) results shown by Poincaré sphere

Fig. 14. Configuration of dual vortex retarder Mueller matrix polarimeter^[85]

Fig. 15. Captured modulated intensity images of eight samples^[85]

Fig. 16. Absolute values of the measured error for each element in the Mueller matrix^[85]