Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 4, 621(2020)
Surplus or deficit? Quantifying the total ecological compensation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Fig. 1. DEM and ecological function zoning of the regionSource: DEM 90 m data and Chinese ecological function zoning data were derived from the Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences of CAS.Notes: Windbreak and sand fixation is the ecological function zone at northern foot of the Yinshan Mountain-Hunshandake Sandy Land. Soil conservation is the ecological function zone of the Taihang Mountains. Water source conservation A is the ecological function zone for West Liaohe River source conservation. Water source conservation B is the ecological function zone for Beijing-Tianjin water source conservation.
Fig. 2. Distribution map of average value of ecological assets for different ecosystem types in 2015
Fig. 3. Total ecological compensation of the region in different periodsNotes: Constant price of all data were calculated based on the year 2000
Fig. 4. Spatial distribution maps of average ecological compensation among the counties in the regionNotes: Constant price of all data were calculated based on the year 2000.
Fig. 5. The share of ecological surplus areas at county level in the region in different periods
Fig. 6. Spatiotemporal change distribution of ecological deficit and surplus areas in the region
Table 1.
Unit area ecosystem service value equivalent scale
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Unit area ecosystem service value equivalent scale
Ecosystem types Supply service Regulation service Support service Cultural service Primary classification Secondary classification FP RMP WS AR CR EP HR SC NCM BD AL Farmland Dry land 0.85 0.40 0.02 0.67 0.36 0.10 0.27 1.03 0.12 0.13 0.06 Paddy field 1.36 0.09 -2.63 1.11 0.57 0.17 2.72 0.01 0.19 0.21 0.09 Forest Woodland 0.31 0.71 0.37 2.35 7.03 1.99 3.51 2.86 0.22 2.60 1.14 Sparse shrubbery 0.19 0.43 0.22 1.41 4.23 1.28 3.35 1.72 0.13 1.57 0.69 Grassland High coverage grassland 0.38 0.56 0.31 1.97 5.21 1.72 3.82 2.40 0.18 2.18 0.96 Moderate coverage grassland 0.22 0.33 0.18 1.14 3.02 1.00 2.21 1.39 0.11 1.27 0.56 Low coverage grassland 0.10 0.14 0.08 0.51 1.34 0.44 0.98 0.62 0.05 0.56 0.25 Waters Canal, lake, reservoir 0.80 0.23 8.29 0.77 2.29 5.55 102.24 0.93 0.07 2.55 1.89 Wetland Mud flat, bottom land, marsh 0.51 0.50 2.59 1.90 3.60 3.60 24.23 2.31 0.18 7.87 4.73 Desert Sandy land, saline-alkali soil 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.11 0.10 0.31 0.21 0.13 0.01 0.12 0.05 Bare soil, bare rock 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01
Table 2.
Changes in ecological assets of different ecosystem types each period (billion yuan)
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Changes in ecological assets of different ecosystem types each period (billion yuan)
Ecosystem types 2000 2005 Growth rate (%) 2010 Growth rate (%) 2015 Growth rate (%) Farmland 68.67 163.16 137.60 229.69 40.78 464.11 102.06 Forest 241.82 553.21 128.77 814.62 47.25 823.14 1.05 Grassland 101.99 235.30 130.71 357.51 51.94 423.87 18.56 Waters 77.73 171.64 120.82 253.01 47.41 259.26 2.47 Wetland 26.31 58.73 123.22 89.54 52.46 103.37 15.45 Desert 0.12 0.28 133.33 0.42 50.00 0.39 -7.14 Total (unchanged price in 2000) 516.64 1182.32 128.85 1744.79 47.57 2074.14 18.88
Table 3.
Changes in the value of regional ecosystem services and their contribution in different periods (¥ billion)
View tableView in ArticleTable 3.
Changes in the value of regional ecosystem services and their contribution in different periods (¥ billion)
Service type 2000 2005 2010 2015 Value Contribution (%) Value Contribution (%) Value Contribution (%) Value Contribution (%) Food production 22.89 4.43 56.47 5.04 80.04 4.19 160.37 24.39 Raw material production 17.29 3.35 42.16 3.74 61.48 3.43 101.10 12.03 Water supply 10.59 2.05 17.84 1.09 27.18 1.66 27.80 0.19 Gas regulation 46.57 9.01 111.86 9.81 165.02 9.45 245.33 24.38 Climate regulation 101.28 19.60 240.08 20.85 360.67 21.44 446.60 26.09 Environment purification 33.71 6.52 80.71 7.06 120.52 7.08 149.73 8.87 Hydrological regulation 139.10 26.92 283.93 21.76 426.33 25.32 422.38 -1.20 Soil conservation 77.68 15.04 187.93 16.56 262.32 13.23 210.75 -15.66 Nutrients cycle maintenance 5.52 1.07 13.36 1.18 19.46 1.08 32.09 3.83 Biodiversity 42.39 8.20 101.04 8.81 151.53 8.98 189.65 11.57 Aesthetic landscape 19.64 3.80 46.94 4.10 70.24 4.14 88.33 5.49 Total (unchanged price in 2000) 516.64 100.00 1182.32 100.00 1744.79 100.00 2074.14 100.00
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Wenjie YANG, Qianwen GONG, Xueyan ZHANG. Surplus or deficit? Quantifying the total ecological compensation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(4): 621
Received: Mar. 23, 2019
Accepted: Sep. 12, 2019
Published Online: Sep. 30, 2020
The Author Email: Qianwen GONG (gongqianwen@bjfu.edu.cn)
