3D shape measurement based on fringe projection profilometry (FPP) has been extensively studied in terms of improving measurement accuracy, accelerating the measurement speed, expanding the measurement depth, and increasing the adaptability of the measurement scene. However, due to the principle limitation of FPP, it is difficult to achieve accurate matching of corresponding points using the traditional FPP method. The deformation measurement and strain analysis relying on the corresponding point tracking can be further performed to analyze the motion state of the object, material properties and structural mechanics parameters, which plays an indispensable role in many fields such as motion bionics, material mechanics, and structural mechanics. Therefore, this paper reviews a series of newly developed 3D shape and deformation measurement techniques based on FPP in recent years, and discusses how scholars have gradually realized the measurement from simple rigid body displacement measurement to complex and fine structure deformation measurement and strain analysis based on a FPP system. Finally, the advantages of this technique in measurement integrity, resolution and computational efficiency compared with the existing deformation measurement technique are analyzed, and the challenges and potential development trends of this technique are given.