Fig. 1. Experimental setup

Fig. 2. Surface images of experimental samples 5052 and 5052NA. (a) Sample 5052; (b) sample 5052NA

Fig. 3. Damage images of experimental samples. (a)--(c) Sample 5052; (d)--(f) sample 5052NA

Fig. 4. Effect of natural anodizing on particle pollutants produced by sample 5052. (a) 0.3 μm particles; (b) 0.5 μm particles; (c) 1 μm particles; (d) 3 μm particles

Fig. 5. Effect of natural anodizing on particle pollutants produced by sample 5052 at low laser energy density. (a) 0.3 μm particles; (b) 0.5 μm particles

Fig. 6. Particle pollutants produced under laser energy of 0.6 J/cm² and spot diameter of 6 mm. (a)Numbers of particle pollutants generated under different laser pulse numbers;(b)numbers of particle pollutants generated under different laser irradiation time

Fig. 7. Particle pollutants produced under laser energy density of 2.2 J/cm² and spot diameter of 2 mm. (a) Numbers of particle pollutants generated under different laser pulse numbers; (b) numbers of particle pollutants generated under different laser irradiation time

Fig. 8. Number of 0.3 μm particle pollutants generated under different laser repetition frequencies.(a) Sample 5052; (b) sample 5052NA

Fig. 9. Number of particles pollutants generated under different numbers of pulses.(a) Sample 5052; (b) sample 5052NA

Fig. 10. Number of particles pollutants generated under different laser spot diameters. (a) Sample 5052; (b) sample 5052NA

Fig. 11. Number of particles pollutants generated by samples with different surface roughness values. (a) Sample 5052; (b) sample 5052NA

Fig. 12. Damage effect of laser with different energy densities on material surface