Calculation of spectral parameters of Tm,Ho:GdScO<sub>3</sub> crystal

ZHANG Junrui; ZHANG Qingli; Sun Guihua; Li Jiahong; Wang Xiaofei; Dou Renqin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2025.03.013

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume. 42, Issue 3, 414(2025)

Calculation of spectral parameters of Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ crystal

ZHANG Junrui^1,2,3, ZHANG Qingli^2,3、*, Sun Guihua^2,3, Li Jiahong^2,3,4, Wang Xiaofei^2,3, and Dou Renqin^2,3

¹College of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026, China

²Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

³Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China

⁴Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China

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Figures & Tables(7)

Fig. 1. H₂-annealed Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ crystal wafers

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Fig. 2. Non-polarized transmission spectra of (100), (010) and (001) planes of Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ crystal

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Fig. 3. Absorption spectra of (100), (010) and (001) planes of Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ crystal

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Fig. 4. Fluorescence decay curve of Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ powder and the fitting curve

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Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃crystal

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Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃crystal

Ground State	Terminal state	$\bar{λ}$ /nm	$N f_{E D}^{e x p}$ /(10²⁰ cm^-3)	$f_{E D}^{e x p}$	$N f_{E D}^{c a l}$ /(10²⁰ cm^-3)	$f_{E D}^{c a l}$
Tm^3＋: ³H₆ →	³F₄	1720.8	14.343	4.765	13.712	4.556
	³H₄	792.2	14.378	4.777	13.777	4.575
	³F₂ + ³F₃	686.7	15.020	4.990	14.114	4.689
Ho^3＋: ⁵I₈ →	⁵I₇	1969.6	0.569	0.516	2.253	2.084
	⁵F₅	655.8	6.228	5.761	4.574	4.231
	⁵F₄ + ⁵S₂	545.2	6.009	5.559	7.831	7.245
	⁵F₃ + ⁵F₂	475.0	8.608	7.963	5.039	4.661
	⁵G₆	457.0	31.325	28.977	31.315	28.968
Overlapped bands	³H₅(Tm^3＋) ⁵I₆(Ho^3＋)	1202.8	4.111	-	8.519	-

Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ compared with other crystals

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Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ compared with other crystals

Crystals	$Ω_{t}^{T m^{3 +}}$ /(10^-20 cm²)				$Ω_{t}^{H o^{3 +}}$ /(10^-20 cm²)				Reference
Crystals	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	$Ω_{4}$ / $Ω_{6}$	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	$Ω_{4}$ / $Ω_{6}$	Reference
Tm:YAG	0.70	1.200	0.500	2.40	-	-	-	-	[20]
Tm:YAP	1.46	2.070	0.320	6.47	-	-	-	-	[19]
Tm:LaAlO₃	0.25	1.300	0.610	2.13	-	-	-	-	[21]
Tm:YVO₄	1.94	0.158	0.396	0.40	-	-	-	-	[22]
Ho:YAG	-	-	-	-	0.040	2.670	1.890	1.41	[23]
Ho:YAP	-	-	-	-	0.200	3.600	1.700	2.12	[24]
Ho:LaAlO₃	-	-	-	-	5.362	1.862	1.065	1.75	[25]
Ho:YVO₄	-	-	-	-	0.812	1.477	1.836	0.80	[26]
Tm,Ho,Tb:YVO₄	4.800	0.700	2.000	0.350	4.920	1.330	1.400	0.95	[27]
Tm:GdScO₃	1.554	0.892	0.622	1.434	-	-	-	-	[12]
Ho:GdScO₃	-	-	-	-	4.190	3.010	0.930	3.24	[11]
Ho,Eu:GdScO₃	-	-	-	-	4.949	5.395	2.075	2.60	[28]
Tm,Ho:GdScO₃	1.362	0.850	0.154	5.519	0.955	0.367	0.574	0.639	This work
Tm,Ho:GdScO₃	The peaks of Tm³⁺ were ignored				1.030	0.170	0.744	0.228	This work

Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO₃ crystal

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Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO₃ crystal

Transition			$\bar{λ}$ /nm	$A_{E D}$ /s^-1	$A_{M D}$ /s^-1	$A$ /s^-1	$A_{t o t a l}$ /s^-1	β/%	τ/ms
Tm³⁺	³F₄→	³H₆	1761.5	151.063	0	151.063	151.063	100	6.620
	³H₅→	³F₄	4112.4	4.572	0.213	4.785	294.556	1.624	3.395
		³H₆	1233.3	184.206	105.565	289.771	-	98.376	-
	³H₄→	³H₅	2267.1	20.487	11.600	32.087	1158.248	2.770	0.863
		³F₄	1464.4	74.500	28.187	102.687	-	8.866	-
		³H₆	798.8	1023.474	0	1023.474	-	88.364	-
	³F₂→	³F₃	15243.2	0.005	0.015	0.020	1337.13	0.001	0.748
		³H₄	3902.0	9.106	0	9.106	-	0.681	-
		³H₅	1434.0	207.977	0	207.977	-	15.554	-
		³F₄	1063.2	456.315	0	456.315	-	34.126	-
		³H₆	663.0	663.712	0	663.712	-	49.637	-
	³F₃→	³H₄	5244.5	2.490	0.324	2.814	2419.407	0.116	0.413
		³H₅	1582.9	213.804	0	213.804	-	8.837	-
		³F₄	1142.9	53.560	81.483	135.042	-	5.582	-
		³H₆	693.2	2067.747	0	2067.747	-	85.465	-
	¹G₄→	³F₂	1669.6	11.347	0	11.347	1843.435	0.458	0.403
		³F₃	1504.8	41.746	4.455	46.201	-	1.864	-
		³H₄	1169.3	159.888	43.329	203.217	-	8.199	-
		³H₅	771.4	614.548	191.108	805.656	-	32.505	-
		³F₄	649.6	177.625	15.537	193.163	-	7.793	-
		³H₆	474.6	1218.95	0	1218.950	-	49.180	-
Ho³⁺	⁵I₇→	⁵I₈	1984.7	40.604	38.494	79.098	79.098	100	12.643
	⁵I₆→	⁵I₇	2853.5	9.835	21.591	31.426	140.293	22.400	7.128
		⁵I₈	1170.6	108.867	0	108.867	-	77.600	-
	⁵F₅→	⁵I₄	4442.8	0.0214	0.057	0.079	1348.312	0.006	0.809
		⁵I₅	2320.6	3.992	0.014	4.006	-	0.297	-
		⁵I₆	1455.9	52.425	3.867	56.292	-	4.175	-
		⁵I₇	964.0	222.570	0	222.570	-	16.507	-
		⁵I₈	648.9	1065.365	0	1065.365	-	79.015	-
	⁵F₄→	⁵F₅	3232.5	3.552	6.658	10.210	2967.231	0.344	0.337
		⁵I₄	1871.1	13.489	0.086	13.575	-	0.458	-
		⁵I₅	1350.8	75.583	0.306	75.889	-	2.558	-
		⁵I₆	1003.8	118.917	0	118.917	-	4.008	-
		⁵I₇	742.6	153.552	0	153.552	-	5.175	-
		⁵I₈	540.4	2595.088	0	2595.088	-	87.458	-
	⁵S₂→	⁵F₅	3297.1	0.192	0	0.192	2032.896	0.009	0.492
		⁵I₄	1892.6	26.263	0	26.263	-	1.292	-
		⁵I₅	1362.0	23.916	0	23.916	-	1.176	-
		⁵I₆	1010.0	101.043	0	101.043	-	4.970	-
		⁵I₇	745.9	726.512	0	726.512	-	35.738	-
		⁵I₈	542.2	1154.970	0	1154.970	-	56.814	-
	⁵F₃→	⁵F₄	4862.3	0.880	3.535	4.416	3178.532	0.139	0.315
		⁵S₂	4723.1	0.039	0.344	0.383	-	0.012	-
		⁵F₅	1941.6	11.464	0	11.464	-	0.361	-
		⁵I₄	1351.2	80.347	0.055	80.402	-	2.530	-
		⁵I₅	1057.1	60.023	0	60.023	-	1.888	-
		⁵I₆	832.0	232.269	0	232.269	-	7.307	-
		⁵I₇	644.2	788.278	0	788.278	-	24.800	-
		⁵I₈	486.3	2001.297	0	2001.297	-	62.963	-
	⁵F₂→	⁵F₄	3954.5	0.841	0	0.841	2666.263	0.032	0.375
		⁵S₂	3861.9	0.045	1.325	1.370	-	0.051	-
		⁵F₅	1778.6	15.515	0	15.515	-	0.582	-
		⁵I₄	1270.1	47.775	0	47.775	-	1.791	-
		⁵I₅	1006.9	210.296	0	210.296	-	7.885	-
		⁵I₆	800.6	335.046	0	335.046	-	12.562	-
		⁵I₇	625.2	256.538	0	256.538	-	9.619	-
		⁵I₈	475.4	1799.723	0	1799.723	-	67.478	-
	⁵G₆→	⁵F₄	2818.9	6.770	0	6.770	12355.179	0.046	0.068
		⁵S₂	2771.6	2.115	0	2.115	-	0.014	-
		⁵F₅	1505.8	146.078	0.434	146.512	-	0.992	-
		⁵I₄	1124.6	0.302	0	0.302	-	0.002	-
		⁵I₅	913.2	20.297	8.788	29.085	-	0.197	-
		⁵I₆	740.2	120.659	128.418	249.077	-	1.687	-
		⁵I₇	587.7	1209.423	43.333	1252.757	-	8.485	-
		⁵I₈	453.5	13078.302	0	13078.302	-	88.576	-
	⁵G₅→	⁵F₁	6176.1	0.057	0	0.057	20501.425	0.001	0.154
		⁵G₆	5513.5	0.707	0.520	1.227	-	0.019	-
		⁵K(2)₈	3949.9	0.025	0	0.025	-	0.0004	-
		⁵F₂	3530.5	0.606	0	0.607	-	0.009	-
		⁵F₃	3026.1	3.773	0	3.773	-	0.058	-
		⁵F₄	1865.3	26.345	3.565	29.910	-	0.460	-
		⁵S₂	1844.4	2.957	0	2.957	-	0.046	-
		⁵F₅	1182.8	124.713	249.016	373.728	-	5.752	-
		⁵I₄	934.1	17.686	6.105	23.792	-	0.366	-
		⁵I₅	783.5	71.452	150.334	221.786	-	3.414	-
		⁵I₆	652.6	527.443	40.853	568.297	-	8.747	-
		⁵I₇	531.1	3010.268	0	3010.268	-	46.333	-
		⁵I₈	419.0	2260.624	0	2260.624	-	34.795	-

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Junrui ZHANG, Qingli ZHANG, Guihua Sun, Jiahong Li, Xiaofei Wang, Renqin Dou. Calculation of spectral parameters of Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ crystal[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2025, 42(3): 414

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Paper Information

Category: Optical Material

Received: May. 15, 2023

Accepted: --

Published Online: Jun. 11, 2025

The Author Email: Qingli ZHANG (zql@aiofm.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2025.03.013

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal

Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO3 crystal

Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm3＋ and Ho3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO3 compared with other crystals

Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm3＋ and Ho3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO3 compared with other crystals

Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO3 crystal

Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO3 crystal

Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃crystal

Table 1. The calculated and experimental oscillator intensity of Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃crystal

Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ compared with other crystals

Table 2. The Judd⁃Ofelt intensity parameters of Tm^3＋ and Ho^3＋ ions in Tm,Ho:GdScO₃ compared with other crystals

Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO₃ crystal

Table 3. Calculated spontaneous radiative transition probability, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative level lifetimes in Tm,Ho: GdScO₃ crystal