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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 14, 1422004(2024)

Design of Freeform Surface Low-Distortion Automotive Lens Based on Point-by-Point Construction

Yan Ding1,2, Naiwen Zhang1,2, Chao Yang1,2, and Changxi Xue1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical System Design and Manufacturing Technology of Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (24)
    Equations (0)
    References (23)
    Cited By (1)
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    Paper Information
    Topics
    Figures & Tables(24)
    Schematic of image plane. (a) Image plane without distortion; (b) image plane with distortion

    Fig. 1. Schematic of image plane. (a) Image plane without distortion; (b) image plane with distortion

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    Schematic of optical path

    Fig. 2. Schematic of optical path

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    Schematic of freeform surface S2 to be solved, plane S1, and image plane

    Fig. 3. Schematic of freeform surface S2 to be solved, plane S1, and image plane

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    Schematic of vector refraction law

    Fig. 4. Schematic of vector refraction law

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    Point-by-point construction method

    Fig. 5. Point-by-point construction method

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    Calculation process of feature data point

    Fig. 6. Calculation process of feature data point

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    Initial structure of spherical system

    Fig. 7. Initial structure of spherical system

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    Optical layout diagram of automotive lens

    Fig. 8. Optical layout diagram of automotive lens

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    Image point data

    Fig. 9. Image point data

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    Freeform surface fitting

    Fig. 10. Freeform surface fitting

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    Comparison of average MTF before and after adding freeform surface lens

    Fig. 11. Comparison of average MTF before and after adding freeform surface lens

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    Final layout of freeform surface system. (a) XOZ plane; (b) YOZ plane

    Fig. 12. Final layout of freeform surface system. (a) XOZ plane; (b) YOZ plane

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    Final layout of aspherical system

    Fig. 13. Final layout of aspherical system

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    MTF of different lenses. (a) MTF of original vehicle lens; (b) MTF of freeform surface vehicle lens; (c) MTF of aspherical vehicle lens

    Fig. 14. MTF of different lenses. (a) MTF of original vehicle lens; (b) MTF of freeform surface vehicle lens; (c) MTF of aspherical vehicle lens

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    Distortion diagrams. (a) Optical distortion curves; (b) TV distortion

    Fig. 15. Distortion diagrams. (a) Optical distortion curves; (b) TV distortion

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    Relative illumination

    Fig. 16. Relative illumination

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    Discrete points obtained by equal angle method

    Fig. 17. Discrete points obtained by equal angle method

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    Monte Carlo yield analysis

    Fig. 18. Monte Carlo yield analysis

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    • Table 1. Vehicle lens design specifications and sensor parameters

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      Table 1. Vehicle lens design specifications and sensor parameters

      DeviceParameterValue
      Vehicle lensEffective focal length(3.9±0.1) mm
      Total track length<25 mm
      Back focal length>6 mm
      Field of view92.08°×60.66°
      Relative illumination>60%
      F-number2.5
      SensorLens size9.25 mm
      Active array size3840×2160
      Pixel size2.1 μm
      Image area array8.0976 mm×4.5696 mm
      Lens chief ray angle18°
      Temperature range-40-105 ℃

    • Table 2. Optical system data of automotive lens

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      Table 2. Optical system data of automotive lens

      CodeTypeRadius /mmThickness /mm
      OBJStandardINFINF
      1Standard10.511.273
      2Asphere2.633.455
      3Standard-15.391.5
      4Standard18.120.1
      5Asphere7.231.5
      6Asphere-17.131.79
      STOStandardINF0.7
      8Asphere13.511.5
      9Asphere-5.390.3
      10Standard-7.311.0
      11Standard17.100.156
      12Asphere10.761.312
      13Asphere-8.516.08

    • Table 3. Coefficients of XY polynomial freeform surface

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      Table 3. Coefficients of XY polynomial freeform surface

      CoefficientValueCoefficientValue
      x2-3.60×10-4x2y4-8.15×10-4
      y2-3.67×10-4y6-6.74×10-5
      x42.12×10-3x85.93×10-6
      x2y25.00×10-3x6y22.26×10-5
      y41.39×10-3x4y43.72×10-5
      x6-2.38×10-4x2y63.10×10-5
      x4y2-7.45×10-4y8-8.82×10-6

    • Table 4. Comparison of indices for different vehicle lenses

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      Table 4. Comparison of indices for different vehicle lenses

      LensOriginal vehicle lensFreeform surface vehicle lensAspherical vehicle lens
      MTF@119 lp/mm0.4470.5110.438
      Optical distortion /%-10.000.680.85
      TV distortion /%-6.58<0.01-1.10
      Relative illumination /%71.660.761.0
      Chief ray angle /（°）20.821.021.0

    • Table 5. Tolerance setting

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      Table 5. Tolerance setting

      TypeSurface shapeParameterValue
      Surface toleranceSphericalRadius2 fringes
      AsphericalZernike coefficient0.5 μm
      FreeformPV value0.5 μm
      AllThickness0.01 mm
      AllDecenter0.005 mm
      AllTilt1′
      AllIrregularity3 fringes
      Element toleranceAllDecenter0.01 mm
      AllTilt1′
      Index toleranceAllIndex0.001
      AllAbbe number /%0.1%

    • Table 6. Monte Carlo analysis results

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      Table 6. Monte Carlo analysis results

      Probability /%Average MTF @ 59.5 lp/mm
      900.55446090
      800.57480304
      500.62807130
      200.66591517
      100.67998370
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    Yan Ding, Naiwen Zhang, Chao Yang, Changxi Xue. Design of Freeform Surface Low-Distortion Automotive Lens Based on Point-by-Point Construction[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(14): 1422004

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optical Design and Fabrication

    Received: Jan. 26, 2024

    Accepted: Apr. 11, 2024

    Published Online: Jul. 4, 2024

    The Author Email: Changxi Xue (xcx272479@sina.com)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS240574

    CSTR:32393.14.AOS240574

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology