GELAN-YOLOv8 Algorithm for Contraband Detection in X-Ray Image

Fig. 6. Comparison of improvement effects, the inner illustration is enlarged for the selected part of the frame. (a) Precision; (b) recall; (c) mAP@0.5; (d) mAP@0.5∶‍0.95

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Fig. 7. Comparison of detection effects before and after adding GELAN-RD. (a) Before adding; (b) after adding

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Fig. 8. Comparison of detection effects between YOLOv8n and proposed model. (a) (c) YOLOv8n; (b) (d) proposed model

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Fig. 9. Comparison of training loss curves for different loss functions, the inner illustration is enlarged for the selected part of the frame

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Table 1. Results of ablation experiments

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Table 1. Results of ablation experiments

Model	RepNCSPELAN	GELAN-RD	SPPELAN	Inner-ShapeIoU	mAP@0.5 /%	GFLOPs	Params /M	FPS /（frame·s^-1）
YOLOv8n					92.0	8.1	3.01	67.3
YOLOv8s					94.1	28.4	11.13	62.5
I	√				93.8	14.9	3.78	32.7
Ⅱ		√			94.0	14.0	3.51	25.6
Ⅲ			√		92.3	8.5	3.50	66.8
Ⅳ				√	92.2	8.1	3.01	72.8
V	√	√	√		94.3	14.5	3.68	29.2
Ⅵ	√	√		√	94.5	14.5	3.65	32.2
Ⅶ	√	√	√	√	94.8	14.5	3.68	31.1

Table 2. Results of ablation experiments for Inner-ShapeIoU at different scale factors
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Table 2. Results of ablation experiments for Inner-ShapeIoU at different scale factors
Scale factor P R mAP@0.5 mAP@0.5∶0.95
0.5 92.8 88.9 93.7 70.6
0.8 94.0 89.3 94.1 70.5
1.0 93.9 89.9 94.2 70.8
1.1 95.8 88.2 94.6 72.3
1.2 95.1 89.3 94.5 72.0
1.3 95.4 90.0 94.7 71.8
1.4 95.8 89.0 94.8 72.1
1.5 96.1 88.5 94.4 71.5

Table 3. Results of horizontal comparison between SPPELAN and similar modules
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Table 3. Results of horizontal comparison between SPPELAN and similar modules
Module mAP@0.5 /% GFLOPs Params /M
SPPF 92.0 8.1 3.1
SPPCSPC 92.4 9.5 4.6
ASPP 91.5 9.8 5.1
SPPELAN 92.3 8.5 3.5

Table 4. Results of comparative experiments on SIXray, HIXray, and CLCXray datasets

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Table 4. Results of comparative experiments on SIXray, HIXray, and CLCXray datasets

Algorithm	mAP@0.5 /%			Params /M	GFLOPs
Algorithm	SIXray	HIXray	CLCXray	Params /M	GFLOPs
YOLOv5n	90.3	82.1	87.2	1.77	4.1
YOLOv5s	91.8	82.3	87.6	7.02	15.8
YOLOv6n^［25］	89.7	80.9	87.9	4.23	11.8
YOLOv6s	93.1	83.6	88.8	16.31	44.2
YOLOv7	93.9	83.7	89.5	37.22	105.2
YOLOv8n	92.0	81.9	88.1	3.01	8.1
YOLOv8s	94.1	82.5	88.6	11.10	28.5
RT-DETR-L^［26］	94.4	83.0	87.4	32.80	108
YOLOv9-c	95.8	83.9	90.5	51.01	238.9
YOLO-DSB^［24］	93.1	82.2	—	—	—
GELAN-YOLOv8	94.8	83.3	90.1	3.68	14.5

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Yuanxiang Luo, Chunlin Liu, Xiang Li. GELAN-YOLOv8 Algorithm for Contraband Detection in X-Ray Image[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(2): 0237008

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