Fig. 1. Schematics of the video-guided handheld high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) system and the scanning light path in the benchtop OCT system. (a) Schematic of SS-OCT main system ; (b) handheld probe model; (c) schematic of internal light path of handheld probe; (d) schematic of benchtop OCT scanning light path

Fig. 2. Imaging of the porcine cornea and tooth by the handheld OCT system. (a) Image of the porcine cornea captured by a cell phone; (b) image of the porcine cornea captured by the video camera in the handheld OCT system; (c) single B-scan image of the porcine cornea captured by the handheld OCT system; (d) image of the porcine tooth captured by a cell phone; (e) image of the porcine tooth captured by the video camera in the handheld OCT system; (f) single B-scan image of the porcine tooth captured by the handheld OCT system

Fig. 3. Directly averaged and post-registration averaged OCT images of the porcine cornea and tooth (the size of the corneal image is 3 mm×5 mm, and the size of tooth image is 3 mm×7 mm). (a) Directly averaged B-scan image of the porcine cornea; (b) post-registration averaged B-scan image of the porcine cornea; (c) directly averaged B-scan image of the porcine tooth; (d) post-registration averaged B-scan image of the porcine tooth

Fig. 4. Images of ex-vivo porcine tooth captured by benchtop OCT and handheld OCT systems (the size of the tooth image is 3 mm×7 mm). (a) Single B-scan image captured by the benchtop OCT system; (b) single B-scan image captured by the handheld OCT system; (c) multiple B-scan post-registration averaged OCT image captured by the benchtop OCT system; (d) multiple B-scan post-registration averaged OCT image captured by the handheld OCT system