Fig. 1. Structure diagram of photon sieve

Fig. 2. Diffraction distributions of parallel and Gaussian beams on focal plane of photon sieve. (a) Parallel beam; (b) Gaussian beam

Fig. 3. “Doughnut” diffraction images at focal plane of photon sieve by vortex beams with different topological charge number L. (a) P=0, L=1; (b) P=0, L=3; (c) P=0, L=5

Fig. 4. Image of mixed beam of vortex beam and parallel beam at diffraction focal plane of photon sieve. (a) P=0, L=5; (b) P=0, L=7

Fig. 5. Variation trend of intensity of vortex beams with different topological charge number L. (a) Maximum intensity; (b) total intensity

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of solar background light filtering optical system based on photon sieves

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of lidar detection system based on vortex light and photon sieve

Fig. 8. Model of water vapor number density for simulation

Fig. 9. Solar spectral irradiance and solar scattered radiance. (a) Solar spectral irradiance; (b) solar scattered radiance

Fig. 10. Water vapor Raman scattering returned signals by photon sieve lidar. (a) Clear weather; (b) cloudy weather

Fig. 11. SNR comparisons of water vapor detection by photon sieve lidar at different times under different weather conditions. (a) Clear weather; (b) cloudy weather