To achieve measurement of drill pipe thread parameters in an automated and contactless method， this paper proposed a scanning measurement method for large taper thread profile by a short-range sensor based on the spectral confocal measurement principle. This method used the cooperative movement of the spectral confocal sensor and the measured thread to quickly obtain the cross-sectional profile data passing through the thread axis， which characterized the thread surface quality. To correct the measurement error caused by the non-coaxiality of the thread axis and the rotary table axis， a conical thread point laser measurement model was established， a thread tooth profile distortion compensation algorithm was developed， and a two-dimensional laser measurement system for the inner thread parameters of the drill pipe joint was developed and integrated with the automated production line. The measurement system adopted a vertical structure and was mainly composed of a base， a precision five-axis displacement platform， a grating sensor， a control system， a software system， etc. At the same time， a two-dimensional measurement and evaluation software for the inner thread parameters of the drill pipe joint was developed to calculate and evaluate key parameters such as pitch， tooth height， taper， tooth profile angle， and base diameter. Experimental results show that the compensation rate of the base diameter by the tooth profile distortion compensation algorithm is 45.4%， the compensation rate of the tooth profile half-angle is 45%， the compensation rate of the taper is 26.7%， the compensation rate of the tooth height is 25%， and it has almost no effect on the pitch； the measurement accuracy of the developed measurement system can reach ±2 μm， and the measurement cycle is 102 seconds. Compared with the traditional measurement method， this measurement system has the characteristics of non-contact measurement， high automation， and high precision， which meets the precision requirements of drill pipe thread measurement.