The Lijiang River Basin is the largest karst landscape area in the world， with a complex water system and a special ecological status. The health of its ecological environment is of great significance to the development of surrounding areas. Landsat 5/8 images of the Lijiang River Basin in 2005， 2010， 2015， and 2019 were selected， and the Mountain Green Cover Index （MGCI） and Remote Sensing Ecological Index （RSEI） were extracted to build an index evaluation model to evaluate the ecological quality and changes of the watershed. The results show that： （1） In the 14 years， the MGCI of the Lijiang River Basin was 0.428， 0.505， 0.558 and 0.635 respectively， and the RSEI was 0.503， 0.524， 0.606 and 0.643 respectively， showing an overall upward trend； （2） Vegetation coverage and rapid urban development The resulting expansion of construction land are the main positive and negative factors that affect the ecological quality of the Lijiang River Basin respectively； （3） Greenness is the most important indicator among several factors affecting ecological quality， and RSEI is more sensitive to changes in the assessment of ecological quality thanks to its multifactor design， while MGCI can quickly evaluate the trend of ecological changes in the Lijiang River Basin. In the comprehensive ecological environment quality assessment， the fine monitoring capability of RSEI and the efficient assessment function of MGCI can be combined， so as to realize a comprehensive and dynamic mastery of the ecological environment quality of the Lijiang River basin.