Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Four-Particle Cluster States

Table 1. Bell states and their coding results
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Table 1. Bell states and their coding results
State Coding result
${|ϕ^{+}〉}_{A B} = {1 / \sqrt[]{2} (|00〉 + |11〉)}_{A B}$ $00$
${|ϕ^{-}〉}_{A B} = {1 / \sqrt[]{2} (|00〉 - |11〉)}_{A B}$ $10$
${|ψ^{+}〉}_{A B} = {1 / \sqrt[]{2} (|01〉 + |10〉)}_{A B}$ $01$
${|ψ^{-}〉}_{A B} = {1 / \sqrt[]{2} (|01〉 - |10〉)}_{A B}$ $11$

Table 2. Measurement results and final shared key
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Table 2. Measurement results and final shared key
Measurement result Coding results（ABCD） Key（AB）
${|ϕ^{+}〉}_{A C} {|ϕ^{-}〉}_{B D}$ $0100$ $01$
${|ϕ^{-}〉}_{A C} {|ϕ^{+}〉}_{B D}$ $1000$ $10$
${|ψ^{+}〉}_{A C} {|ψ^{+}〉}_{B D}$ $0011$ $00$
${|ψ^{-}〉}_{A C} {|ψ^{-}〉}_{B D}$ $1111$ $11$

Table 3. Comparison between the proposed protocol and other protocols

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Table 3. Comparison between the proposed protocol and other protocols

QKA protocol	Quantum resource	Measurement basis	Qubit efficiency /%
Ref.［5］	Bell states	X-basis and Bell-basis	26.67
Ref.［10］	Cluster states	Cluster-basis	30.77
Ref.［18］	Bell states	Bell-basis	25.00
Ref.［24］	Bell states	Bell-basis	14.29
Proposed protocol	Four-particle cluster states	Bell-basis	33.30

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Yefeng He, Zhi Li, Mengmei Yang. Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Four-Particle Cluster States[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(21): 2127001

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