[1] Landauer R. Information is a physical entity[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 263, 63-67(1999).

[2] Wootters W K, Zurek W H. A single quantum cannot be cloned[J]. Nature, 299, 802-803(1982).

[3] Barnum H, Caves C M, Fuchs C A et al. Noncommuting mixed states cannot be broadcast[J]. Physical Review Letters, 76, 2818-2821(1996).

[4] Fan H, Wang Y, Jing L et al. Quantum cloning machines and the applications[J]. Physics Reports, 544, 241-322(2014).

[5] Cummins H K, Jones C, Furze A et al. Approximate quantum cloning with nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. Physical Review Letters, 88, 187901(2002).

[6] Lamas-Linares A, Simon C, Howell J C et al. Experimental quantum cloning of single photons[J]. Science, 296, 712-714(2002).

[7] Iblisdir S, Acín A, Cerf N J et al. Multipartite asymmetric quantum cloning[J]. Physical Review A, 72, 042328(2005).

[8] Cerf N J. Pauli cloning of a quantum bit[J]. Physical Review Letters, 84, 4497-4500(2000).

[9] Gisin N, Massar S. Optimal quantum cloning machines[J]. Physical Review Letters, 79, 2153-2156(1997).

[10] Müller C R, Wittmann C, Marek P et al. Probabilistic cloning of coherent states without a phase reference[J]. Physical Review A, 86, 18515-18524(2012).

[11] Duan L M, Guo G C. Probabilistic cloning and identification of linearly independent quantum states[J]. Physical Review Letters, 80, 4999-5002(1998).

[12] Nielsen M A, Chuang I. Quantum computation and information[J]. American Journal of Physics, 305, 306-311(2002).

[13] Bartkiewicz K, Lemr K, Cernoch A et al. Experimental eavesdropping based on optimal quantum cloning[J]. Physical Review Letters, 110, 173601(2013).

[14] De Martini F, Sciarrino F, Vitelli C. Entanglement test on a microscopic-macroscopic system[J]. Physical Review Letters, 100, 253601(2008).

[15] Horodecki R, Horodecki P, Horodecki M et al. Quantum entanglement[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81, 865-942(2009).

[16] Buzek V, Hillery M. Universal optimal cloning of arbitrary quantum states:From qubits to quantum registers[J]. Physical Review Letters, 81, 5003-5006(1998).

[17] Lamoureux L, Navez P, Fiurášek J et al. Cloning the entanglement of a pair of quantum bits[J]. Physical Review A, 69, 823-829(2004).

[18] Karpov E, Navez P, Cerf N J. Cloning quantum entanglement in arbitrary dimensions[J]. Physical Review A, 72, 042314(2005).

[19] Gheorghiu V, Yu L, Cohen S M. Local cloning of entangled states[J]. Physical Review A, 82, 022313(2010).

[20] Kar G, Rahaman R. Local cloning of multipartite entangled states[J]. Quantum Information Process, 11, 711-727(2012).

[21] Peng L C, Wu D, Zhong H S et al. Cloning of quantum entanglement[J]. Physical Review Letters, 125, 210502(2020).

[22] Aharonov Y, Davidovich L, Zagury N. Quantum random walks[J]. Physical Review A, 48, 1687-1690(1993).

[23] Qu D, Marsh S, Wang K K et al. Deterministic search on star graphs via quantum walks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 128, 050501(2022).

[24] Wang K K, Qiu X Z, Xiao L et al. Simulating dynamic quantum phase transitions in photonic quantum walks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 122, 020501(2019).

[25] Li X M, Yang M, Paunković N et al. Entanglement swapping via three-step quantum walk-like protocol[J]. Physics Letters A, 381, 3875-3879(2017).

[26] Ju L, Yang M, Xue P. A proposal for preparation of cluster states with linear optics[J]. Chinese Physics B, 30, 30306-30367(2021).

[27] Matjeschk R, Schneider C, Enderlein M et al. Experimental simulation and limitations of quantum walks with trapped ions[J]. New Journal of Physics, 14, 035012(2012).

[28] Preiss P M, Ma R, Tai M E et al. Strongly correlated quantum walks in optical lattices[J]. Science, 347, 1229-1233(2015).

[29] Broome M A, Fedrizzi A, Lanyon B P et al. Discrete single-photon quantum walks with tunable decoherence[J]. Physical Review Letters, 104, 153602(2010).

[30] Hu X M, Xing W B, Liu B H et al. Efficient distribution of high-dimensional entanglement through 11 km fiber[J]. Optica, 7, 738-743(2020).

[31] Zhang L H, Yang Q, Yang M et al. Direct measurement of the concurrence of two-photon polarization-entangled states[J]. Physical Review A, 88, 062342(2013).

[32] Gühne O, Tóth G. Entanglement detection[J]. Physics Reports, 474, 1-75(2009).

[33] Zhong H S, Li Y, Li W et al. 12-Photon entanglement and scalable scattershot Boson sampling with optimal entangled-photon pairs from parametric down-conversion[J]. Physical Review Letters, 121, 250505(2018).

[34] Zhan X H, Wang S, Zhong Z Q et al. Quantum key distribution with a continuous-wave-pumped spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion Heralded single-photon source[J]. Physical Review Applied, 19, 034027(2023).

[35] Wang J W, Paesani S, Ding Y et al. Multidimensional quantum entanglement with large-scale integrated optics[J]. Science, 360, 285-291(2018).

[36] Guo Y, Hu X M, Liu B H et al. Experimental realization of path-polarization hybrid high-dimensional pure state[J]. Optics Express, 26, 28918-28926(2018).

[37] Hu X M, Chen J S, Liu B H et al. Experimental test of compatibility-loophole-free contextuality with spatially separated entangled qutrits[J]. Physical Review Letters, 117, 170403(2016).

[38] Kim Y S, Pramanik T, Cho Y W et al. Informationally symmetrical Bell state preparation and measurement[J]. Optics Express, 26, 029539(2018).

[39] Kim Y, Kim Y S, Lee S W et al. Direct quantum process tomography via measuring sequential weak values of incompatible observables[J]. Nature Communications, 9, 192(2018).