[1] [1] Olsson A. Lightwave systems with optical amplifiers. J. Lightwave Technol., 1989, 7(10):1071～1081

[2] [2] Haugen, Freeman J, Conradi J. Bidirectional transmission at 622 Mb/s utilizing erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1992, 4(8):913～916

[3] [3] Orazi J, McLandrich M N. Bidirectional transmission at 1.55 micros using fused fiber narrow channel wavelength division multiplexers and erbium doped fiber amplifier repeater. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1994, 6(4):571～574

[4] [4] van Deventer M O, Koning O J. Bidirectional transmission using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier without optical isolators. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1995, 7(11):1372～1375

[5] [5] Yamashita, Okoshi T. Performance degradation of erbium doped fiber amplifier induced by terminal reflection. Electron. Lett., 1992, 28(14):1323～1324

[6] [6] Delisle, Conradi J. Model for bidirectional transmission in an open cascade of optical amplifiers. J. Lightwave Technol., 1997, 15(5):749～757

[7] [7] Giles, Desurvire E. Modeling erbium-doped fiber amplifier. J. Lightwave Technol., 1991, 9(2):271～283

[8] [8] Desurvire E, Simpson J R. Amplification of spontaneous emission in erbium-doped fibers. J. Lightwave Technol., 1989, 7(5):835～845

[9] [9] Bertilsson K, Andrekson P A. Modeling of noise in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in the saturated regime. J. Lightwave Technol., 1994, 12(7):1198～1206