Fig. 1. Cross-section of HC-ARF

Fig. 2. Cross-sections of fibers. (a) Fiber structure A incorporating circular nested tubes; (b) fiber structure B incorporating elliptical nested tubes; (c) fiber structure C incorporating double-layer elliptical nested tubes

Fig. 3. Variation of TL with frequency f for different structures

Fig. 4. Variation of TL with frequency f for different diameters D_c

Fig. 5. Variation of TL with frequency f for different elliptic major axes d₁

Fig. 6. Variation of TL with frequency f for different ellipticities η

Fig. 7. Variations of CL, EML, and TL with frequency f for different tube thicknesses t. (a) CL; (b) EML; (c) TL

Fig. 8. Mode field distributions of fibers. (a) f=1.53 THz; (b) f=1 THz

Fig. 9. Variation of dispersion parameter β₂ of HC-ARF with frequency f

Fig. 10. Variation of of bending loss of HC-ARF at f=1 THz. (a) Variation of bending loss along +x direction with bending radius R_b (inset: mode field distributions for bending radii of 10, 20, 35, and 60 cm); (b) variation of bending loss along -x direction with bending radius R_b (inset: mode field distributions for bending radii of 10, 25, 45, and 70 cm)

Fig. 11. Variation of effective mode field area A_eff of HC-ARF with frequency f