Classification of Weathering Environments for Stone Cultural Heritage Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Xin Wang; Yuan Cheng; Ruoyu Zhang; Yao Fan; Jizhong Huang; Yue Zhang; Hongbin Yan

doi:10.3788/LOP242049

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 10, 1037005(2025)

Classification of Weathering Environments for Stone Cultural Heritage Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Xin Wang^1,2,3, Yuan Cheng^2,3、*, Ruoyu Zhang^1,2,3, Yao Fan⁴, Jizhong Huang^2,3, Yue Zhang^2,3, and Hongbin Yan⁴

Author Affiliations

¹School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

²Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

³Key Laboratory of Silicate Cultural Relics Conservation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

⁴Yungang Research Institute, Datong 037007, Shanxi , China

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Figures & Tables(8)

Fig. 1. Flow chart of simulated weathering experiment

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Fig. 2. Hyperspectral imaging system

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Fig. 3. Channel attention module

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Fig. 4. Overall architecture of 1DCNN model

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Fig. 5. Spectral reflection curves of weathered sandstone in different environments. (a) VNIR spectral reflection curves; (b) SWIR spectral reflection curves

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Fig. 6. Confusion matrix of weathering environment classification model based on VNIR and SWIR spectra pre-processed by SNV. (a) VNIR; (b) SWIR

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Table 1. Modeling results of test set based on VNIR spectra

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Table 1. Modeling results of test set based on VNIR spectra

Algorithm	Treatment	Accuracy			Precision	Recall	F1 score
Algorithm	Treatment	Min	Max	Mean	Precision	Recall	F1 score
SVM	SNV	0.82	0.94	0.88	0.89	0.88	0.88
SVM	MSC	0.61	0.73	0.67	0.68	0.67	0.67
KNN	SNV	0.69	0.93	0.79	0.79	0.79	0.78
KNN	MSC	0.63	0.77	0.68	0.69	0.68	0.68
LDA	SNV	0.81	0.96	0.87	0.88	0.87	0.88
LDA	MSC	0.75	0.95	0.84	0.84	0.84	0.84
RF	SNV	0.83	0.98	0.89	0.89	0.89	0.89
RF	MSC	0.83	0.98	0.88	0.88	0.88	0.88
CNN	SNV	0.88	0.98	0.92	0.92	0.92	0.92
CNN	MSC	0.85	0.98	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90

Table 2. Modeling results of test set based on SWIR spectra

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Table 2. Modeling results of test set based on SWIR spectra

Algorithm	Treatment	Accuracy			Precision	Recall	F1 score
Algorithm	Treatment	Min	Max	Mean	Precision	Recall	F1 score
SVM	SNV	0.96	1.00	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
SVM	MSC	0.68	0.99	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
KNN	SNV	0.86	1.00	0.92	0.92	0.92	0.92
KNN	MSC	0.80	0.97	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.85
LDA	SNV	0.93	1.00	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.96
LDA	MSC	0.87	0.99	0.92	0.93	0.92	0.92
RF	SNV	0.94	1.00	0.97	0.97	0.97	0.97
RF	MSC	0.94	0.99	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.96
CNN	SNV	0.97	1.00	0.98	0.98	0.98	0.98
CNN	MSC	0.93	1.00	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.96

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Xin Wang, Yuan Cheng, Ruoyu Zhang, Yao Fan, Jizhong Huang, Yue Zhang, Hongbin Yan. Classification of Weathering Environments for Stone Cultural Heritage Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(10): 1037005

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Paper Information

Category: Digital Image Processing

Received: Sep. 26, 2024

Accepted: Nov. 26, 2024

Published Online: May. 8, 2025

The Author Email: Yuan Cheng (chengyuan@shu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP242049

CSTR:32186.14.LOP242049

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology