Fig. 1. Illustration of a laser-induced bubble in a fully confined condition

Fig. 2. Oscillatory behaviour of laser-induced bubble in the fully confined condition and its comparison with that in free liquid ( liquid radius R_L=3 mm, laser energy E_L=44.2 μJ, Rayleigh radius of bubble R_Ray=300 μm, Rayleigh period of bubble T_Ray=55.9 μs; under fully confined condition, max bubble radius R_max=190.4 μm and oscillation period T_osc=14.8 μs). (a) Evolution of bubble radius with time; (b) the time-dependent pressure change on the liquid-solid boundary in the fully confined condition

Fig. 3. Influence of fully confined condition on oscillation period and max radiu of bubbles. (a) Evolution of R_max/R_Ray and T_osc/T_Ray with respect to R_Ray in the fully confined condition; (b) T_osc as a function of R_max

Fig. 4. Evolution process comparison of two varying-sized bubbles with the same oscillation period in the fully confined condition

Fig. 5. Influence of liquid radius on the bubble oscillation in the fully confined condition. (a) T_osc as a function of R_max; (b) cut-off period of the laser bubble (T_cut-off) as a function of liquid radius (R_L)

Fig. 6. Influence of liquid confinement degree (C) on the bubble oscillation. In this case, R_L=3 mm. (a) T_osc as a function of R_max; (b) cutoff period of the laser bubble (T_cut-off) as a function of confinement degree (C)