Fig. 1. Schematic of digital optical phase conjugation

Fig. 2. Schematics of wavefront optimization ^[14]. (a) Before wavefront optimization;(b) after wavefront optimization

Fig. 3. Focusing results after wavefront optimization^[14]. (a) Speckle before focusing; (b) focusing on single point; (c) focusing on multiple points; (d) optimized wavefront phase

Fig. 4. Schematics of focusing beyond diffraction-limit ^[15]. (a) Focusing optical system with conventional lens; (b) focusing optical system with random scattering media

Fig. 5. Experimental results of focusing beyond diffraction-limit^[15]. (a) Focal spot of focusing optical system with conventional lens; (b) speckle of focusing optical system with random scattering media before optical modulation; (c) focal spot beyond diffraction-limit; (d) optimized wavefront phase

Fig. 6. Imaging beyond diffraction-limit using random scattering lens^[39]. (a) Imaging using conventional microscope; (b) imaging beyond diffraction-limit; (c) comparison of center tangents of first spots on left of Figs. 6 (a) and (b)

Fig. 7. Experimental schematic of measuring optical transmission matrix based on four-step phase shift^[18]

Fig. 8. Experimental results of focusing via phase conjugation^[18]. (a) Speckle before focusing; (b) result of focusing on single point; (c) result of focusing on multiple points

Fig. 9. Experimental results of optical memory effect^[21]

Fig. 10. Schematic of non-invasive imaging based on optical memory effect ^[22]

Fig. 11. Experimental results of scattering imaging based on optical memory effect^[22]. (a) Speckle; (b) autocorrelation of speckle; (c) original object; (d) reconstructed object

Fig. 12. Schematic of single-frame imaging based on speckle autocorrelation ^[23]. (a) Schematic of imaging model; (b) speckle; (c) speckle autocorrelation; (d) reconstructed objects

Fig. 13. Experimental results of single-frame imaging based on speckle autocorrelation^[23]. (a) Imaging setup; (b) speckle; (c)-(g) first column shows speckle autocorrelation, second column shows reconstructed objects, and third column shows original objects

Fig. 14. Reconstructed results obtained by bi-spectral analysis^[62]. (a) Speckles; (b) Fourier amplitudes; (c) Fourier phases; (d) reconstructed objects; (e) original objects

Fig. 15. Experimental results of scattering imaging based on shower-curtain effect^[64]. (a) Original object; (b) object is far away from thin scatter; (c) object is close to thin scatter; (d) principle of scattering imaging system based on shower-curtain effect; (e) process of object reconstruction

Fig. 16. Experimental results of scattering imaging based on deconvolution^[75]. (a) Schematic of experimental setup; (b) original object; (c) speckle; (d) point spread function of imaging system; (e) reconstructed result

Fig. 17. Schematic of scattering imaging based on phase diversity^[78]

Fig. 18. Experimental results of scattering imaging based on phase diversity^[78]. (a) Original object; (b) speckle with diversity; (c) first column shows estimated random phases, second column shows estimated local point spread functions, and third column shows reconstructed objects