[1] Wang Z, Yuan T B, Hou Z Y et al. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in China[J]. Frontiers of Physics, 9, 419-438(2014). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/71009X/20144/662063684.html

[2] Xu Y, Yao M Y, Liu M H et al. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of chromium in water solution[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 31, 1230002(2011).

[3] Apitz I, Vogel A. Material ejection in nanosecond Er∶YAG laser ablation of water, liver, and skin[J]. Applied Physics A, 81, 329-338(2005). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00339-005-3213-5

[4] Wang L, Xu L, Zhou Y et al. Dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Al element in AlCl3 aqueous and mixed compound solutions[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 41, 0415003(2014).

[5] Zhong S L, Lu Y, Cheng K et al. Ultrasonic nebulizer assisted LIBS for detection of trace metal elements dissolved in water[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 31, 1458-1462(2011).

[6] Sobral H, Sanginés R, Trujillo-Vázquez A. Detection of trace elements in ice and water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 78, 62-66(2012). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854712003291

[7] Chen Z J, Godwal Y, Tsui Y Y et al. Sensitive detection of metals in water using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy on wood sample substrates[J]. Applied Optics, 49, C87-C94(2010). http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-49-13-C87

[8] Xiu J S, Hou H M, Zhong S L et al. Quantitative determination of heavy metal element Pb in aqueous solutions by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using paper slice substrates[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 38, 0815003(2011).

[9] Jia Y, Zhao N J, Liu W Q et al. Continuous online detection method of heavy metals in water based on LIBS technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 45, 0611001(2018).

[10] Yu X D, Li Y, Gu X F et al. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application in environmental monitoring of water quality: a review[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 8969-8980(2014). http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25255856

[11] de Giacomo A, Dell'Aglio M, de Pascale O. Single pulse-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in aqueous solution[J]. Applied Physics A, 79, 1035-1038(2004). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00339-004-2622-1

[12] Lazic V. LIBS analysis of liquids and of materials inside liquids[M]. ∥Springer series in optical sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 195-226(2014).

[13] Lazic V, Jovicevic S, Fantoni R et al. Efficient plasma and bubble generation underwater by an optimized laser excitation and its application for liquid analyses by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 62, 1433-1442(2007). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854707003230

[14] Hou H M, Tian Y, Li Y et al. Study of pressure effects on laser induced plasma in bulk seawater[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 29, 169-175(2014). http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ja/c3ja50244a

[15] Yang L, Chen Y P, Xu J Q et al. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for analysis of liquids[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 51, 100001(2014).

[16] Vogel A, Noack J, Nahen K et al. Energy balance of optical breakdown in water at nanosecond to femtosecond time scales[J]. Applied Physics B, 68, 271-280(1999). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003400050617

[17] Li Y, Wang Z N, Wu J L et al. Effects of laser wavelength on detection of metal elements in water solution by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 32, 582-585(2012).

[18] Song J J, Tian Y, Lu Y et al. Comparative investigation of underwater-LIBS using 532 and 1064 nm lasers[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 34, 3104-3108(2014).

[19] Wu J L, Lu Y, Li Y et al. Time resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for calcium concentration detection in water[J]. Optoelectronics Letters, 7, 65-68(2011). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-OELJ201101018.htm

[20] Piepmeier E H, Malmstadt H V. Q-Switched laser energy absorption in the plume of an aluminum alloy[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 41, 700-707(1969). http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac60275a014

[21] Babushok V I. DeLucia F C, Jr, Gottfried J L, et al. Double pulse laser ablation and plasma: laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal enhancement[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 61, 999-1014(2006).

[22] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J, Loree T R. Spectrochemical analysis of liquids using the laser spark[J]. Applied Spectroscopy, 38, 721-729(1984). http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=as-38-5-721

[23] de Giacomo A, Dell'Aglio M, Colao F et al. . Double pulse laser produced plasma on metallic target in seawater: basic aspects and analytical approach[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 59, 1431-1438(2004). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854704001776

[24] de Giacomo A, Dell'Aglio M, de Pascale O et al. . From single pulse to double pulse ns-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy under water: elemental analysis of aqueous solutions and submerged solid samples[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 62, 721-738(2007). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854707001863

[25] Xue B Y, Li N, Lu Y et al. Emission enhancement of underwater collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with the second pulse defocused[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 110, 101102(2017). http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApPhL.110j1102X

[26] Michel A P M, Chave A D. Single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of bulk aqueous solutions at oceanic pressures: interrelationship of gate delay and pulse energy[J]. Applied Optics, 47, G122-G130(2008). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19122693

[27] Docchio F, Regondi P. Capon M R C, et al. Study of the temporal and spatial dynamics of plasmas induced in liquids by nanosecond Nd∶YAG laser pulses 1: analysis of the plasma starting times[J]. Applied Optics, 27, 3661-3668(1988).

[28] Lawrence-Snyder M, Scaffidi J P, Pearman W F et al. Issues in deep ocean collinear double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: dependence of emission intensity and inter-pulse delay on solution pressure[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 99, 172-178(2014). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0584854714001128

[29] Yu Y L, Zhou W D, Su X J. Detection of Cu in solution with double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Optics Communications, 333, 62-66(2014). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030401814006725

[30] Su X J, Zhou W D, Qian H G. Optimization of cavity size for spatial confined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy[J]. Optics Express, 22, 28437-28442(2014). http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25402085

[31] Popov A M, Colao F, Fantoni R. Enhancement of LIBS signal by spatially confining the laser-induced plasma[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 24, 602-604(2009). http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2009/ja/b818849a

[32] Rai V N, Yueh F Y, Singh J P. Study of laser-induced breakdown emission from liquid under double-pulse excitation[J]. Applied Optics, 42, 2094-2101(2003). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/12716150

[33] Knopp R, Scherbaum F J, Kim J I. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as an analytical tool for the detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions[J]. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 355, 16-20(1996). http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/15045451