Fig. 1. Rough sea surface with foams

Fig. 2. Foam structure

Fig. 3. Scattering process schematic of the zero-order and the first-order solutions

Fig. 4. Transmission coefficient versus transmission angle with or without foams. (a) U10=10 m/s; (b) U10=20 m/s; (c) U10=30 m/s

Fig. 5. Laser transmittance curves in atmospheric-seawater channel under different wind speeds and visibilities of sea fog

Fig. 6. Variation in laser transmittance with transmission angle under different wind speeds and visibilities of sea fog

Fig. 7. Variation in laser transmittance with transmission distance under different chlorophyll concentration distributions. (a) Background chlorophyll concentration; (b) depth of maximum chlorophyll concentration