Optimization of Underwater Laser Communication Performance Based on Beam Divergence Angle Control

Xianghong Yan; Tong Wang; Baiqiu Zhao; Peng Lin; Xu Guo; Hechun Zhang; Xiaonan Yu

doi:10.3788/AOS241861

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 5, 0506001(2025)

Optimization of Underwater Laser Communication Performance Based on Beam Divergence Angle Control

Xianghong Yan1... Tong Wang1,2, Baiqiu Zhao2, Peng Lin1,2, Xu Guo1,2, Hechun Zhang1, and Xiaonan Yu12,* |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China

²National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of workflow of UWOC system with beam divergence angle regulation

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Fig. 2. Structure of beam divergence angle control system

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Fig. 3. Schematic of simulating spot size. (a) Initial position; (b) move to the left to reduce beam divergence angle; (c) move to the right to increase beam divergence angle

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Fig. 4. Simulation of relationship between beam divergence angles and capture time

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Fig. 5. Variations of signal-to-noise ratio with beam divergence angle under different water quality conditions

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Fig. 6. Variations of bit error rate with beam divergence angle under different water quality conditions

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Fig. 7. Underwater laser communication experimental device

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Fig. 8. Comparison of simulation and experimental results for different beam divergence angle capture time

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Fig. 9. Waveform diagrams corresponding to different beam divergence angles. (a) 1 mrad; (b) 8 mrad; (c) 15 mrad

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Fig. 10. Comparison of simulation and experimental results for bit error rates under different beam divergence angles

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Table 1. Parameter setting in theoretical models

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Table 1. Parameter setting in theoretical models

Parameter	Value
Laser wavelength $λ$ /nm	450
Laser emission power $P_{t}$ /mW	50
Optical transmittance of the emission end $η_{o t}$ /%	80
Receiver aperture $D$ /mm	60
Beam divergence $θ_{d i v}$ /mrad	1‒15
Link distance $L$ /m	40
Water quality loss $c (λ)$ / $m^{- 1}$	0.043, 0.151, 0.190
Receiver transmittance $η_{o r}$ /%	60
Tracking misalignment factor $θ_{o f f} / θ_{d i v}$	1/6
External quantum efficiency $n$ /%	0.625
Multiplication factor $M$	30
Receiver bandwidth $B$ /(bit/s)	$4 \times 10^{7}$

Table 2. Comparisons of performance between traditional fixed beam divergence angle UWOC system and beam divergence angle controlled UWOC system

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Table 2. Comparisons of performance between traditional fixed beam divergence angle UWOC system and beam divergence angle controlled UWOC system

Parameter	Traditional fixed beam divergence angle UWOC system	Beam divergence angle controlled UWOC system
Capture beam divergence angle /mrad	8	15
Communication beam divergence angle /mrad	8	1
Acquisition time /s	133.5	38.4
Bit error rate	9.92×10^－4	8.32×10^－6

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Xianghong Yan, Tong Wang, Baiqiu Zhao, Peng Lin, Xu Guo, Hechun Zhang, Xiaonan Yu. Optimization of Underwater Laser Communication Performance Based on Beam Divergence Angle Control[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(5): 0506001

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