Review of Research on Optical Fiber Fluorescence Temperature Probes

Fig. 1. Fluorescence signal processing methods. (a) Fluorescence intensity method^[18]; (b) fluorescence intensity ratio method^[19]; (c) fluorescence power ratio method^[20]; (d) fluorescence lifetime method^[21]; (e) fluorescence emission peak wavelength shift method^[22]; (f) fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio method ^[23]; (g) efficiency signal conversion method^[24]; (h) self-referenced phase shift method^[25]

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Fig. 2. Sensing probes prepared by doping methods. (a) Welding method ^[26]; (b) solution doping method^[27]; (c) laser heating pedestal method ^[28]; (d) codeposition method ^[29]; (e) electrospinning method^[30]; (f) wet spinning method^[31]

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Fig. 3. Preparation of sensing probes by chemical modification and physical deposition methods. (a) Chemical modification method^[88]; (b) Physical deposition method^[90]

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Fig. 4. Encapsulation methods for preparing sensing probes. (a) Encapsulated with epoxy resin^[93]; (b) encapsulated with nanocrystalline particles^[94]; (c) encapsulated with phosphor^[95]; (d) combined package with Fabry-Perot interference cavity^[96]

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Fig. 5. Special optical fiber filling methods to prepare sensing probes. (a) Filled with quantum dots^[97]; (b) filled with R6G film^[98]; (c) embedded with glass microspheres^[99]; (d) filled with fluorescein^[100]

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Table 1. Comparison of fluorescence temperature measurement methods

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Table 1. Comparison of fluorescence temperature measurement methods

Method	Sensitivity	Stability	Accuracy	Anti-interference	Signal processing	Detection difficulty
Fluorescence intensity method	high	low	low	low	simple	low
Fluorescence intensity ratio method	high	high	normal	high	normal	low
Fluorescence lifetime method	low	high	normal	high	simple	high
Fluorescence emission peak wavelength shift method	low	high	low	high	normal	normal
Fluorescence signal-noise ration method	normal	high	normal	normal	complicated	low
Efficiency signal conversion method	high	normal	normal	normal	complicated	low
Self-referenced phase shift method	low	normal	normal	high	normal	normal

Table 2. Optical fiber temperature sensing probes based on fluorescence intensity ratio prepared by doping methods

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Table 2. Optical fiber temperature sensing probes based on fluorescence intensity ratio prepared by doping methods

Method	Mixed element	Range /°C	Wavelength /nm	Occasion	Sensitivity	Accuracy	Deviation	Resolution	Ref.
Welding	Er³⁺	26‒60	545/532	thermocouple	0.01 ℃^-1	—	—	0.06 ℃	［36］
	Er³⁺	30‒100	1530/1565	heating platform	0.00056 ℃^-1	—	—	—	［37］
	Er³⁺	30‒110	980/1540	lab	—	1.2 ℃	—	—	［38］
	Er³⁺	18‒150	515-533/543-561	oven	—	—	2.2 ℃	0.3 ℃	［39］
	Er³⁺	22‒500	1535/1552	thermal chamber	0.000335 ℃^-1	—	6 ℃	—	［20］
	Er³⁺	20‒540	515-525/555-565	thermocouple	0.025 K^-1	—	—	0.1 K	［40］
	Er³⁺	25‒600	1133/1237	oven	0.008 ℃^-1	—	—	—	［41］
	Yb³⁺	22‒160	905/1064	heating platform	—	1 ℃	1.5 ℃	—	［42］
	Yb³⁺	25‒600	976/1030	oven	0.0095 ℃^-1	1 ℃	0.6 ℃	—	［43］
	Nd³⁺	25‒900	820-840/880-930	oven	—	1.5 ℃	—	—	［44］
	Nd³⁺	250‒1500	820-840/895-915	oven	0.0102 ℃^-1	—	2.5 ℃	—	［45］
	Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	30‒150	520/550	lab	—	—	—	—	［46］
	NaYF₄∶Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	40‒100	525/545	oven	0.0087‒0.0144 K^-1	—	—	—	［26］
	Pr³⁺， Nd³⁺，Yb³⁺	200‒600	810-830/866-894 900-910/ 1051.5-1076.5	oven	0.017 ℃^-1	—	—	1 ℃	［47］
Chemical vapor deposition and solution doping	Bi	25‒500	950-1200/1200-1500	oven	0.0091‒0.0097 K^-1	—	—	—	［48］
	Nd³⁺， Yb³⁺	10‒140	920-930/1020-1030 820-840/880-930	heating platform	0.0156 ℃^-1 0.0112 ℃^-1	2 ℃	—	—	［49］
	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	20‒150	1040-1070/880-970	oven	—	0.3 ℃	—	—	［50］
	Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	25‒300	1012.5/1537.5	oven	—	—	—	1 ℃ 10 ℃	［51］
	Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	25‒600	530/555	oven	0.016 dB·℃^-1	—	1.1 ℃	—	［52］
	Sb³⁺， Er³⁺， Ge³⁺	20‒600	1535/1552	oven	0.000695 ℃^-1	2.8 ℃	—	—	［53］
Solution doping	Eu³⁺	25‒100	615/450	thermocouple	—	—	—	—	［54］
	Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	22‒51	—	organism	0.00526 K^-1	0.1‒0.3 ℃	—	—	［55］
	NaYF₄∶Yb， Er	25‒70	525/545	organism	0.018 ℃^-1	—	—	—	［27］
	β-NaLuF₄∶Yb³⁺/ Tm³⁺/Er³⁺	30‒90	521/542	lab	0.00311 K^-1	—	—	—	［19］
	NaY_0.77Yb_0.20Er_0.03F₄	25‒100	525/550	heating platform	0.00256 ℃^-1	0.3 ℃	—	—	［56］
	NaYF₄∶（18%）Yb³⁺，（2%）Er³⁺	22‒200	514‒523/533‒562	sand and air bath	0.0029 K^-1	—	—	2.7 K	［57］
Laser heating pedestal method	Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺	25‒350	549/667	oven	0.0489 K^-1	—	—	—	［58］
	Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺	60‒460	660‒740/740‒850	thermocouple	0.021 K^-1	—	—	—	［59］
	Er³⁺， Yb³⁺	25‒450	524/546	thermocouple	0.00486 K^-1	—	—	—	［28］
	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	室温-600	502‒542/542‒592	electric furnace	0.0087 K^-1	—	—	—	［60］
Codeposition	Yb³⁺/Tm^3+、， Eu³⁺， Tb³⁺	20‒406	700/800	furnace	0.024 K^-1 0.022 K^-1	—	—	—	［29］
Melt quenching	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	30‒287	545/523	oven	0.012 K^-1	1 K	0.2%	—	［32］
Wet spinning	SrAl₂O₄∶Er³⁺， Dy³⁺， Y₂O₂S∶Eu³⁺，Mg²⁺， Ti⁴⁺	25‒45	512‒596/616‒626	thermal gravimetric analyzer	—	—	—	—	［31］
Electrospinning	Na （Y_1-_x_-_yEr_xYb_y）F₄/PAN（NYF-EY/PAN）	30‒150	523/542	lab	0.0148 K^-1	—	—	—	［30］
Extrusion	Eu³⁺	20‒95	623/585	gas flow cell	—	—	1%	—	［33］

Table 3. Optical fiber temperature sensing probes based on fluorescence lifetime prepared by doping methods

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Table 3. Optical fiber temperature sensing probes based on fluorescence lifetime prepared by doping methods

Method	Mixed element	Range /°C	Occasion	Sensitivity	Accuracy	Deviation	Resolution	Ref.
Welding	Er³⁺	25‒120	oven	—	—	1.2 ℃	—	［61］
	Er³⁺	30‒150	oven	0.07 μs·℃^-1	—	0.02%	—	［62］
	Er³⁺	25‒150	oven	0.000247 K^-1	1.8 ℃	—	—	［63］
	Er³⁺	0‒600	lab	—	—	—	—	［64］
	Er³⁺	500‒600	oven	—	—	50‒100 ℃	—	［65］
	Yb³⁺	—	lab	—	—	—	—	［66］
	Yb³⁺	-196‒170	oven	0.00013 ms K^-1	—	—	—	［67］
	Yb³⁺	23‒977	tube furnace	—	—	—	—	［68］
	Pr³⁺	300‒500	oven	—	—	—	—	［69］
	Nd³⁺	20‒90	temperature control room	—	—	0.98 ℃	—	［70］
	Tm³⁺	25‒800	oven	7 μs·℃^-1	—	1 ℃	1 ℃	［71］
	Tm³⁺	25‒1350	oven	—	—	6 ℃	—	［72］
	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	30‒150	oven	—	—	0.8 ℃	—	［73］
	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	0‒850	oven	—	5 ℃	—	—	［74］
	Yb³⁺， Tb³⁺	25‒977	furnace	—	—	—	—	［75］
Chemical vapor deposition and solution doping	Pr³⁺	20‒80	hot water	—	5%	—	—	［76］
Chemical vapor deposition and solution doping	Er³⁺/Yb³⁺	25‒300	oven	0.0145 ms·℃^-1	—	0.35 ms	—	［77］
Solution doping	Nd³⁺	0‒150	microwave oven	—	—	0.3 ℃	—	［78］
	Cr³⁺	25‒100	battery	10 μs·℃^-1	0.3 ℃	0.06 ℃	—	［21］
	Cr³⁺	27‒277	electric oven	0.625 μs·℃^-1	—	—	—	［79］
Laser heating pedestal method	Er³⁺	25‒1274	tube furnace	0.003 K^-1	—	—	—	［80］
	Tm³⁺	25‒1200	oven	3 μs·℃^-1	5 ℃	—	2.5 ℃	［81］
	Cr³⁺	-20‒500	copper block heating device	1‒250 μs·℃^-1	—	—	—	［82］
	Cr³⁺	0‒600	electric stove	—	—	0.2 ℃	—	［83］
	Cr³⁺	0‒923	oven	—	—	4.62%	2.4 K	［84］

Table 4. Comparison of preparation methods

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Table 4. Comparison of preparation methods

Method	Preparation method	Measurement range	Stability	Repeatability	Cost
Doping	normal	large	high	normal	high
Chemical modification and physical deposition	complicated	normal	low	low	low
Encapsulation	simple	normal	high	high	low
Special fiber filling	complicated	small	normal	low	high

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Jianwei Huang, Ting Liu. Review of Research on Optical Fiber Fluorescence Temperature Probes[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(15): 1516023

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Paper Information

Category: Materials

Received: Mar. 21, 2022

Accepted: Jun. 22, 2022

Published Online: Aug. 8, 2022

The Author Email: Ting Liu (liut14@hqu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP202259.1516023

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laser devices and laser physics

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