Fig. 1. Schematics of intracavity cooled falling atomic clock. (a) Cooling process; (b) detecting process

Fig. 2. Error analysis of finite element simulation. (a) Mesh convergence analysis; (b) physical model applicability analysis

Fig. 3. Comparison of phase variation with and without sidewall opening. (a) X-direction; (b) Y-direction; (c) Z-direction

Fig. 4. Distributions of phase variation. (a) Z=0 mm, X-Y plane; (b) X=0 mm, Y-Z plane; (c) Z=+10 mm, X-Y plane; (d) Y=0 mm, X-Z plane; (e) Z=0, ±10 mm, X-Y plane (within detection laser range)

Fig. 5. Distributed cavity phase shift frequency uncertainties under different atomic temperatures and Ramsey linewidths