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Photonics Research, Volume. 2, Issue 3, A34(2014)

Graphene-based optical phase modulation of waveguide transverse electric modes

Michele Midrio1, Paola Galli2, Marco Romagnoli3、*, Lionel C. Kimerling4, and and Jurgen Michel4
Author Affiliations
  • 1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Gestionale e Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
  • 2Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, via Trento 30, 20871 Vimercate (MB), Italy
  • 3CNIT National Laboratory of Photonic Networks, 56124 Pisa, Italy
  • 4Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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    [2] G. T. Reed. Silicon Photonics(2008).

    [3] J. Liu, M. Beals, A. Pomerene, S. Bernardis, R. Sun, J. Cheng, L. C. Kimerling, J. Michels. Waveguide-integrated, ultralow-energy GeSi electro-absorption modulators. Nat. Photonics, 2, 433-437(2008).

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    [6] C. Xu, Y. Jin, L. Yang, J. Yang, X. Jiang. Characteristics of electro-refractive modulating based on graphene oxide silicon waveguide. Opt. Express, 20, 22398-22405(2012).

    [7] L. Yang, T. Hu, R. Hao, C. Qiu, C. Xu, H. Yu, Y. Xu, X. Jiang, Y. Li, J. Yang. Low-chirp high-extinction-ratio modulator based on graphene silicon waveguide. Opt. Lett., 38, 2512-2515(2013).

    [8] B. Milivojevic, C. Raabe, A. Shastri, M. Webster, P. Metz, S. Sunder, B. Chattin, S. Wiese, B. Dama, K. Shastri. 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission over 2427  km SSMF using small size silicon photonics IQ modulator and low power CMOS driver. Optical Fiber Conference, OTh1D.1(2013).

    [9] X. Xiao, H. Xu, X. Li, Z. Tao Chu, J. Yu, Y. Yu. High-speed, low-loss silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators with doping optimization with doping optimization. Opt. Express, 21, 4116-4125(2013).

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    [11] L. A. Falkovski. Optical properties of graphene. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 129, 012004(2008).

    [12] G. W. Hanson. Dyadic Green’s function and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene. J. Appl. Phys., 103, 064302(2008).

    [13] T. Stauber, N. M. R. Peres, A. K. Geim. Optical conductivity of graphene in the visible region of the spectrum. Phys. Rev. B, 78, 085432(2008).

    [14] M. Liu, X. Yin, X. Zhang. Double-layer graphene optical modulator. Nano Lett., 12, 1482-1485(2012).

    [15] H. Kogelnik, T. Tamir. Theory of dielectric waveguide. Integrated Optics(1985).

    [16] A. Yariv. Critical coupling and its control in optical waveguide–ring resonator systems. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 14, 483-485(2002).

    [17] L. Zhang, J.-Y. Yang, M. Song, Y. Li, B. Zhang, R. G. Beausoleil, A. E. Willner. Microring-based modulation and demodulation of DPSK signal. Opt. Express, 15, 11564-11569(2007).

    [18] M. Midrio, S. Boscolo, M. Moresco, M. Romagnoli, C. De Angelis, A. Locatelli, A. D. Capobianco. Graphene-assisted critically-coupled optical ring modulator. Opt. Express, 20, 23144-23155(2012).

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    Michele Midrio, Paola Galli, Marco Romagnoli, Lionel C. Kimerling, and Jurgen Michel, "Graphene-based optical phase modulation of waveguide transverse electric modes," Photonics Res. 2, A34 (2014)

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    Paper Information

    Category: Special issue on Group IV Photonics

    Received: Jan. 17, 2014

    Accepted: Mar. 25, 2014

    Published Online: Nov. 5, 2014

    The Author Email: Marco Romagnoli (marco.romagnoli@cnit.it)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.2.000A34

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology