Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 21, Issue 4, 043801(2023)

Distinguishing high-harmonic generation from surface and bulk states in topological insulator Bi2Se3

Yang Jiang1...2, Ya Bai1,2,*, Zeyi Ye3, Na Li1,4, Candong Liu1,2, and Peng Liu12 |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
  • 2Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 4Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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    Figures & Tables(6)
    Experimental setup. The fundamental and SHG are linearly polarized in s-polarization direction. The mirror plane of Bi2Se3 is rotated to be parallel to the polarization of the pump field.
    HHG spectrum with and without the SHG, respectively; the intensity of the fundamental is 77 GW/cm2; gray line, the SHG intensity is 0; green line, the SHG intensity is 0.025 GW/cm2; ϕ = π. The small peak at 1.48 eV is the second-order diffraction of H9 from the grating-based spectrometer.
    Harmonic yield versus the phase delay of two-color laser fields. (a) Modulation of H4 for the SHG intensity of 0.025 GW/cm2 (blue square and line) and 1.2 GW/cm2 (orange square and line); (b), (c) Modulation of H5 (b) and H6 (c) with the same experimental condition as (a).
    Calculated high-harmonic spectra. (a) HHG from the surface states with and without the SHG; blue line, harmonic spectrum without the SHG; orange line, harmonic spectrum for the SHG intensity equal to 40 MW/cm2 and ϕ = 0.6π. (b) HHG from the bulk states with and without the SHG; blue line, harmonic spectrum without the SHG; orange line, harmonic spectrum for the SHG intensity equal to 40 MW/cm2 and ϕ = 0.6π.
    High-harmonic yield modulated with the phase delay of two-color laser fields. (a), (b) Modulation of H4 (a) and H5 (b) from the surface states, for the SHG intensity of 4 MW/cm2 (red line) and 40 MW/cm2 (blue line), respectively; (c), (d) modulation of H4 (c) and H5 (d) from the bulk states, for the SHG intensity of 4 MW/cm2 (red line), 40 MW/cm2 (blue line), and 400 MW/cm2 (purple line), respectively.
    • Table 1. Summary of Modulation Results Dictated by Symmetry

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      Table 1. Summary of Modulation Results Dictated by Symmetry

       Without SHGWith SHG
      Inversion symmetry (bulk)σ = 0, Δθ = 0; no even harmonicsσ ≠ 0, Δθ = 0; even harmonics; modulation, T2ω/2
      Inversion symmetry breaking (surface)σ = 0, Δθ ≠ 0; even harmonicsσ ≠ 0, Δθ ≠ 0; even harmonics; modulation, T2ω
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    Yang Jiang, Ya Bai, Zeyi Ye, Na Li, Candong Liu, Peng Liu, "Distinguishing high-harmonic generation from surface and bulk states in topological insulator Bi2Se3," Chin. Opt. Lett. 21, 043801 (2023)

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    Paper Information

    Category: Light-matter Interaction

    Received: Aug. 21, 2022

    Accepted: Nov. 25, 2022

    Published Online: Apr. 10, 2023

    The Author Email: Ya Bai (pipbear@siom.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/COL202321.043801

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