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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 3, 0312006(2023)

Laser Interferometric Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Measurement Technology in Space Gravitational-Wave Detection

Xin Xu1,2、†, Yidong Tan1,2、†,*, Henglin Mu1,2, Yan Li1,2, Jiagang Wang1, and Jingfeng Jin3
Author Affiliations
  • 1Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3Army Equipment Project Management Center, Beijing 100072, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (32)
    Equations (15)
    References (106)
    Cited By (7)
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    Figures & Tables(32)
    Optical layout of LIGO and the detected gravitational-wave signal[2]

    Fig. 1. Optical layout of LIGO and the detected gravitational-wave signal[2]

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    Laser interferometric measurement for space gravitational-wave detection[3]

    Fig. 2. Laser interferometric measurement for space gravitational-wave detection[3]

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    Schematic diagram of test mass and translation rotation

    Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of test mass and translation rotation

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    Ultra-precision laser heterodyne interferometry for translation and tilt measurement in space gravitational-wave detection

    Fig. 4. Ultra-precision laser heterodyne interferometry for translation and tilt measurement in space gravitational-wave detection

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    Laser heterodyne interferometric principle[12]

    Fig. 5. Laser heterodyne interferometric principle[12]

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    Dual-frequency laser source. (a) Zeeman effect[13]; (b) birefringence-Zeeman effect[14]; (c) dual-mode competed; (d) acousto-optic modulated; (e) dual-laser locking[18]; (f) space-overlapping and space-separated

    Fig. 6. Dual-frequency laser source. (a) Zeeman effect[13]; (b) birefringence-Zeeman effect[14]; (c) dual-mode competed; (d) acousto-optic modulated; (e) dual-laser locking[18]; (f) space-overlapping and space-separated

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    Differential wavefront sensing and four-channel beat frequency signals［25］

    Fig. 7. Differential wavefront sensing and four-channel beat frequency signals［25］

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    Basic principle of phase measurement

    Fig. 8. Basic principle of phase measurement

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    Phase measurement. (a) Time-domain results[32]; (b) noise spectrum density results[33]

    Fig. 9. Phase measurement. (a) Time-domain results[32]; (b) noise spectrum density results[33]

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    LISA optical interferometric bench layout[34]

    Fig. 10. LISA optical interferometric bench layout[34]

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    LISA Pathfinder interferometric system design[36]. (a) Frequency interferometer; (b) reference interferometer; (c) x1 measurement interferometer; (d) x1-x2 measurement interferometer

    Fig. 11. LISA Pathfinder interferometric system design[36]. (a) Frequency interferometer; (b) reference interferometer; (c) x1 measurement interferometer; (d) x1-x2 measurement interferometer

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    Physical objects and results of test system. (a) LISA Pathfinder optical bench; (b) initial results of translation measurement[38]

    Fig. 12. Physical objects and results of test system. (a) LISA Pathfinder optical bench; (b) initial results of translation measurement[38]

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    LISA optical interferometric bench. (a) 2006[39]; (b) 2009[40]

    Fig. 13. LISA optical interferometric bench. (a) 2006[39]; (b) 2009[40]

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    LISA optical interferometric bench (2012)[41]

    Fig. 14. LISA optical interferometric bench (2012)[41]

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    Laser heterodyne polarization interferometer and non-polarization interferometer system[42]

    Fig. 15. Laser heterodyne polarization interferometer and non-polarization interferometer system[42]

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    The test mass translation measurement results of LISA Pathfinder[45]

    Fig. 16. The test mass translation measurement results of LISA Pathfinder[45]

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    LISA optical interferometric bench. (a) 2017[3]; (b) 2022[47]

    Fig. 17. LISA optical interferometric bench. (a) 2017[3]; (b) 2022[47]

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    Timeline of development of laser interferometry for translation and tilt measurement technology (LISA)

    Fig. 18. Timeline of development of laser interferometry for translation and tilt measurement technology (LISA)

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    10 m arm length heterodyne interferometer [30]

    Fig. 19. 10 m arm length heterodyne interferometer [30]

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    Laser heterodyne interferometric system[53]

    Fig. 20. Laser heterodyne interferometric system[53]

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    Laser heterodyne interferometric system for translation and tilt measurement of test mass[55]

    Fig. 21. Laser heterodyne interferometric system for translation and tilt measurement of test mass[55]

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    Laser heterodyne interferometric system for five degree of freedom measurement of test mass[57]

    Fig. 22. Laser heterodyne interferometric system for five degree of freedom measurement of test mass[57]

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    Optical bench of laser interferometry for space gravitational wave detection in China. (a) Taiji-1[59]; (b) Tianqin-1[61]

    Fig. 23. Optical bench of laser interferometry for space gravitational wave detection in China. (a) Taiji-1[59]; (b) Tianqin-1[61]

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    Optical layout of dual-beam heterodyne interferometric system［64］

    Fig. 24. Optical layout of dual-beam heterodyne interferometric system［64］

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    Five degree of freedom measurement system based on polarization multiplexing double beam laser heterodyne interference

    Fig. 25. Five degree of freedom measurement system based on polarization multiplexing double beam laser heterodyne interference

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    Preliminary test results of polarization multiplexing double beam interferometer[32]

    Fig. 26. Preliminary test results of polarization multiplexing double beam interferometer[32]

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    Laser frequency noise requirement with different unequal arm lengths

    Fig. 27. Laser frequency noise requirement with different unequal arm lengths

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    Quasi-integrated iodine stabilized laser system[88]

    Fig. 28. Quasi-integrated iodine stabilized laser system[88]

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    Optical path measurement by laser heterodyne interference. (a) Nonlinear error ;(b) PZT optical path locking

    Fig. 29. Optical path measurement by laser heterodyne interference. (a) Nonlinear error ;(b) PZT optical path locking

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    Temperature noise and interferometer displacement measurement results[42]

    Fig. 30. Temperature noise and interferometer displacement measurement results[42]

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    Schematic diagram of TTL noise[108]

    Fig. 31. Schematic diagram of TTL noise[108]

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    • Table 1. Parameter comparison between phase-locked amplifier and phase meter

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      Table 1. Parameter comparison between phase-locked amplifier and phase meter

      Local oscillator/reference sourceLock-in amplifierPhasemeter
      Built in/externalBuilt in/external
      Carrier frequency1 mHz to 600 MHz1 kHz to 300 MHz
      Demodulation bandwidth700 mHz to 12.4 MHz10 Hz to 1 MHz
      Measurable variableAmplitude，phaseAmplitude，phase，frequency
      Phase demodulation accuracy-6 μrad/Hz1/2
      Phase linearity tolerance<2π>16000000 π
      Analog outputAmplitude，phasePhase，sine（NCO）
      Maximum detection channels in single instrument mode1 signal input，1 phase detector1-4 signal input，4 phase detector
      Maximum detection channels in multi instrument parallel mode1-4 signal inputs，1-4 phase detectors1-4 signal inputs，8 phase detectors
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    Xin Xu, Yidong Tan, Henglin Mu, Yan Li, Jiagang Wang, Jingfeng Jin. Laser Interferometric Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Measurement Technology in Space Gravitational-Wave Detection[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(3): 0312006

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    Paper Information

    Category: Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

    Received: Oct. 8, 2022

    Accepted: Nov. 4, 2022

    Published Online: Feb. 28, 2023

    The Author Email: Yidong Tan (tanyd@tsinghua.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP222694

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology