Fig. 1. Characterization of PxB matrix glass. (a) Thermal analysis curves of PxB glasses with noted transforming temperature (T_g) and crystallizing temperature (T_x); (b) XRD spectra of PxB glasses annealed at 570 ℃; (c) Raman and (d) absorption spectra of PxB glasses; (e) HRTEM image of one Bi nanoparticle (Bi-NP) in the PB glass

Fig. 2. Spectra. (a) Optical absorption spectra of the glass samples containing xAl₂O₃ (x = 0‒13%); (b) contour plot of the emission-excitation map from the 6Al glass sample

Fig. 3. Micro-morphologies of nanoparticles and nanoclusters in glass. TEM images of (a) P11B-7.5Ag glass, (c) P11B-30Ag, (e) P11B-60Ag, and (g) P16B-7.5Ag. HRTEM of single Ag-NP (b) single Ag-NP in P11B-7.5Ag (inset: crystal plane), (d) single Ag-NP in P11B-30Ag glass (inset: crystal plane), (f) single amorphous particle in P11B-60Ag glass (inset: electron diffraction pattern), and (h) feature of P16B-7.5Ag glass (inset: electron diffraction pattern)

Fig. 4. Raman spectrum. (a) P11B-yAg glass; (b) P16B-yAg glass

Fig. 5. Picture and absorption spectrum of glass samples with different Ag mass fractions and annealing times. (a) Glass samples of different Ag contents and annealing times; (b)‒(g) absorption spectrum of P11B-xAg glasses (x=5, 7.5, 10, 20, 30, 45)

Fig. 6. OA Z-scan measurements of P11B-10Ag glass annealed for 2 h and 24 h, respectively

Fig. 7. (a) Absorption spectrum and (b) OA Z-scan result of P16B-10Ag glass annealed for 2 h and 24 h

Fig. 8. (a) A digital-camera photo of the fiber preform; (b) an SEM image of the cross section of the Ag-NPs doped PB glass fiber; (c) area elemental distribution map at the cross section of the glass fiber (gathered by EPMA); TEM images of the Ag-NPs doped PB fiber collected at (d) (e) boundary area and (f) central area of the core