Fig. 1. Images of two typical sooting flame

Fig. 2. Radial distribution of temperature and H₂O concentration of sooting flame with different gas co-flow

Fig. 3. Flow chart to study influence of non-uniform thermochemical distributions on temperature measurement results of two-color laser absorption spectrum

Fig. 4. Simulated temperature deviation contour of six line pair at different temperatures and non-uniformity level for sooting flame with nitrogen co-flow

Fig. 5. Simulated temperature deviation contour of six line pair at different temperatures and non-uniformity level for sooting flame with air co-flow

Fig. 6. Schematic of laser absorption measurement setup for laminar premixed sooting flames

Fig. 7. Representative measurement of raw absorption signals， absorbance and residual with Voigt-fitting profiles

Fig. 8. Comparison of flame center temperature at different Ф using LOS-LAS and thermocouple measurement