Fig. 1. Location and topography of the study area

Fig. 2. Mechanism of landscape pattern transformation

Fig. 3. Area of land use type in each transect

Fig. 4. Landscape maps of land use on extension axes of different transects

Fig. 5. Topographic profiles of different transects

Fig. 6. Landscape index changes of transect a and transect e in valley area

Fig. 7. Landscape index changes of b-d in mountainous and hilly regions

Fig. 8. Evolution of rural landscape patterns

Fig. 9. The driving mechanism of gradient evolution of landscape patterns in the study area