Hyperspectral Image Classification Combined with Convolutional Neural Network and Sparse Coding

Jinguang Sun; Yanbei Li; Xian Wei; Wanli Wang

doi:10.3788/LOP57.182802

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 57, Issue 18, 182802(2020)

Hyperspectral Image Classification Combined with Convolutional Neural Network and Sparse Coding

Jinguang Sun¹, Yanbei Li^1,2、*, Xian Wei², and Wanli Wang^1,2

¹College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Liaoning University of Engineering and Technology, Huludao, Liaoning 125100 China

²Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China

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Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Structure diagram of residual module

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Fig. 2. Structure of hyperspectral image classification combined with convolutional neural network and sparse coding

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Fig. 3. Indian Pines dataset and label drawing

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Fig. 4. Salinas dataset and label diagram

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Fig. 5. Pavia University dataset and label diagram

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Fig. 6. Classification of each algorithm in Indian Pines dataset. (a) Lable; (b) RBF-SVM; (c) Se-2D-CNN; (d) 3D-CNN; (e) SSC; (f) SOMP; (g) our algorithm

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Fig. 7. Classification of each algorithm in Salinas dataset. (a) Lable; (b) RBF-SVM; (c) Se-2D-CNN; (d) 3D-CNN; (e) SSC; (f) SOMP; (g) our algorithm

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Fig. 8. Classification of each algorithm in Pavia University dataset. (a) Lable; (b) FBF-SVM; (c) Se-2D-CNN; (d) 3D-CNN; (e) SSC; (f) SOMP; (g) our algorithm

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Table 1. Quantity of training and test samples in Indian Pines dataset

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Table 1. Quantity of training and test samples in Indian Pines dataset

Label	Class	Sample quantity
Label	Class	Training	Test
1	Alfalfa	9	37
2	Corn-no	285	1143
3	Corn-min	166	664
4	Corn	47	190
5	Grass/pasture	97	386
6	Grass/trees	146	584
7	G/pasture-mo	6	22
8	Hay-win	96	382
9	Oats	4	16
10	Soy-no	194	778
11	Soy-min	491	1964
12	Soy-cle	118	475
13	Wheat	41	164
14	Woods	253	1012
15	BGTD	77	309
16	SST	19	74
Total	-	2049	8200

Table 2. Quantity of training and test samples in Salinas dataset

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Table 2. Quantity of training and test samples in Salinas dataset

Label	Class	Sample quantity
Label	Class	Training	Test
1	Brocoli-gw-1	402	1607
2	Brocoli-gw-2	745	2981
3	Fallow	395	1581
4	Fallow-rp	279	1115
5	Fallow-sm	536	2142
6	Stubble	792	3167
7	Celery	716	2863
8	Grapes-un	2254	9017
9	Soil-vd	1240	4963
10	CSGW	656	2622
11	Lettuce-ro-4wk	214	854
12	Lettuce-ro-5wk	385	1542
13	Lettuce-ro-6wk	183	733
14	Lettuce-ro-7wk	214	856
15	Vinyard-un	1453	5815
16	Vinyard-vt	361	1446
Total	-	10825	43304

Table 3. Quantity of training and test sample in Pavia University dataset
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Table 3. Quantity of training and test sample in Pavia University dataset
Label Class Sample quantity
Training Test
1 Asphalt 1326 5305
2 Meadows 3730 14919
3 Gravel 420 1679
4 Trees 613 2451
5 Painted-ms 269 1076
6 Bare Soil 1006 4023
7 Bitumen 269 1064
8 Self-b Bricks 736 2946
9 Shadows 189 758
Total - 8555 34221

Table 4. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Indian Pines dataset

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Table 4. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Indian Pines dataset

Label	Classification accuracy /%
Label	RBF-SVM	Se-2D-CNN	3D-CNN	SSC	SOMP	Ours
1	49.58	57.72	70.31	55.42	86.88	99.94
2	78.36	88.74	82.02	74.90	93.78	95.38
3	64.60	81.89	89.88	60.91	91.84	97.65
4	60.05	77.42	97.23	48.33	93.48	99.82
5	94.03	95.68	94.56	91.59	92.48	98.33
6	96.09	98.43	99.30	95.54	99.23	99.59
7	61.30	77.56	93.65	24.35	51.74	98.67
8	98.73	95.01	99.99	99.27	99.95	98.56
9	42.22	57.54	54.55	7.78	3.33	99.99
10	60.14	85.02	96.23	64.02	87.22	99.83
11	87.39	88.41	98.97	82.27	97.35	99.78
12	73.06	71.33	93.36	74.26	87.63	98.56
13	99.32	97.91	98.32	99.26	98.26	98.93
14	96.91	97.37	99.67	95.64	98.54	99.33
15	54.30	91.45	97.82	58.98	97.46	99.79
16	90.82	90.30	97.35	91.65	96.00	97.72
OA /%	81.68	88.93	97.24	79.61	94.64	98.94
AA /%	75.43	84.49	91.32	70.26	85.95	98.89
Kappa	0.786	0.873	0.957	0.764	0.938	0.981

Table 5. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Salinas dataset

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Table 5. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Salinas dataset

Label	Classification accuracy /%
Label	RBF-SVM	Se-2D-CNN	3D-CNN	SSC	SOMP	Ours
1	98.54	99.99	98.84	99.68	99.98	99.99
2	99.06	99.99	97.07	99.49	98.78	99.99
3	93.76	99.30	99.97	93.12	93.87	99.92
4	99.22	99.82	99.04	99.41	98.55	99.74
5	97.93	99.84	99.72	98.56	91.74	99.95
6	99.76	99.99	99.74	99.75	99.97	99.99
7	99.53	99.91	99.96	99.73	99.98	99.99
8	88.50	91.00	94.26	77.86	97.40	99.97
9	99.51	99.99	99.96	99.81	99.94	99.99
10	93.92	98.32	98.81	94.71	96.01	99.82
11	95.35	97.65	99.58	96.23	99.47	98.73
12	89.96	99.06	99.56	99.60	91.81	99.74
13	98.28	99.31	99.13	99.35	87.20	99.99
14	94.49	98.66	98.66	94.97	94.22	99.78
15	62.58	76.13	99.36	63.57	67.25	99.96
16	98.24	98.73	99.15	98.54	99.62	99.92
OA /%	91.34	95.95	98.87	89.49	93.48	98.99
AA /%	94.59	97.17	98.93	94.65	94.74	99.78
Kappa	0.903	0.955	0.987	0.882	0.926	0.988

Table 6. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Pavia University dataset

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Table 6. Classification accuracy of each algorithm in Pavia University dataset

Label	Classification accuracy /%
Label	RBF-SVM	Se-2D-CNN	3D-CNN	SSC	SOMP	Ours
1	81.76	98.13	98.52	84.62	80.39	98.15
2	84.91	83.49	98.91	84.00	92.75	99.78
3	76.61	98.36	98.84	75.55	94.91	99.54
4	96.08	77.85	97.98	94.85	95.26	99.57
5	99.57	99.93	99.98	99.62	99.94	99.80
6	83.16	91.93	98.46	84.86	85.29	99.97
7	89.65	98.30	99.45	78.24	99.27	97.26
8	81.79	92.14	95.76	68.39	87.34	98.21
9	97.99	89.21	96.48	97.98	85.14	98.93
OA /%	85.20	98.82	98.94	83.87	89.21	99.01
AA /%	87.95	92.27	96.61	85.45	91.11	99.05
Kappa	0.810	0.984	0.986	0.793	0.858	0.988

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Jinguang Sun, Yanbei Li, Xian Wei, Wanli Wang. Hyperspectral Image Classification Combined with Convolutional Neural Network and Sparse Coding[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2020, 57(18): 182802

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