Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit diagram of photovoltaic cell

Fig. 2. Schematic of photovoltaic cell model

Fig. 3. P‑U curves of different light intensities

Fig. 4. P‑U curves at different temperatures

Fig. 5. P‑U curves of multi‑peak photovoltaic array

Fig. 6. U‑I curves of multi‑peak photovoltaic array

Fig. 7. Principle diagram of uniform illumination assumption method

Fig. 8. Flowchart of the prediction method

Fig. 9. Multi‑peak misjudgment situation

Fig. 10. Schematic of light intensity drop prediction method

Fig. 11. Schematic of light intensity rise prediction method

Fig. 12. The flow chart of the prediction method with the change of light intensity

Fig. 13. Simulation diagram of prediction method

Fig. 14. The power comparison between the prediction method and the disturbance observation method when the light is uniform

Fig. 15. The current comparison of prediction method and disturbance observation when the light is uniform

Fig. 16. Comparison of the current between the prediction method and the disturbance observation method when the light changes

Fig. 17. The power comparison between the prediction method and the disturbance observation method when the light changes

Fig. 18. Flow chart of IPSO algorithm with improved parameters

Fig. 19. IPSO algorithm photovoltaic power generation system simulation

Fig. 20. Photovoltaic maximum power tracking simulation image of standard PSO algorithm

Fig. 21. Photovoltaic maximum power tracking simulation image of common PSO algorithm

Fig. 22. Photovoltaic maximum power tracking simulation image of IPSO algorithm

Fig. 23. Comparison of IPSO algorithm and perturbation observation method