[1] [1] MCCAUGHAN J S, GUY J T, HAWLEY P, et al. Hematoporphyrin-derivative and photoradiation therapy of malignant tumors［J］. Lasers in Surgery & Medicine, 2010, 3(3): 199-209.

[2] [2] YANO T, HATOGAI K, MORIMOTO H, et al. Photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2017, 59(12): 2740-2749.

[3] [3] SOETIKNO R, KALTENBACH T, YEH R, et al. Endoscopic mucosal resection for early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract［J］. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2005, 23(20): 4490-4498.

[4] [4] LI X S, LOVELL J F, YOON J, et al. Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer［J］. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2020, 17(5): 657-674.

[5] [5] YOON I, LI J Z, SHIM Y K. Advance in photosensitizers and light delivery for photodynamic therapy［J］. Clinical Endoscopy, 2013, 46(1): 7-23.

[6] [6] MAISCH T, SZEIMIES R M, JORI G, et al. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy in dermatology［J］. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2004, 3(10): 907-917.

[7] [7] CASTANO A P, DEMIDOVA T N, HAMBLIN M R. Photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: photochemistry in the service of oncology［J］. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016, 22(46): 6956-6974.

[8] [8] MA J, JIANG L. Photogeneration of singlet oxygen (1O2) and free radicals (Sen*-, O2*-) by tetra-brominated hypocrellin B derivative［J］. Free Radical Research, 2001, 35(6): 767-777.

[9] [9] JIA X, JIA L. Nanoparticles improve biological functions of phthalocyanine photosensitizers used for photodynamic therapy［J］. Current Drug Metabolism, 2012, 13(8): 1119-1122.

[10] [10] ZHAO B, HE Y Y. Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy［J］. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2010, 10(11): 1797-1809.

[11] [11] DEBELE T, PENG S, TSAI H C. Drug carrier for photodynamic cancer therapy［J］. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015, 16(9): 22094.

[12] [12] KATHRIN M S, ROGER H B, STANLEY W B. New approaches to photodynamic therapy from types I, II and III to type IV using one or more photons［J］. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2017, 17(2): 171-189.

[13] [13] ALLISON R R. Photodynamic therapy: oncologic horizons［J］. Future Oncology, 2014, 10(1): 123-142.

[14] [14] TARUN G, NITIN K J, GOUTAM R. Nanotechnology-based photodynamic therapy: concepts, advances, and perspectives［J］. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 2015, 32(5): 389-439.

[15] [15] BARR H, DIX A J, KENDALL C, et al. Review article: the potential role for photodynamic therapy in the management of upper gastrointestinal disease［J］. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2001, 15(3): 311-321.

[16] [16] POGUE B W, SHENG C, BENEVIDES J, et al. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence photobleaching increases with the use of fractionated irradiation in the esophagus［J］. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2008, 13(3): 034009.

[17] [17] WATSON J T, MOAWAD F J, VEERAPPAN G R, et al. The dose of omeprazole required to achieve adequate intraesophageal acid suppression in patients with gastroesophageal junction specialized intestinal metaplasia and Barrett’s esophagus［J］. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2013, 58(8): 2253-2260.

[18] [18] GRAY J, FULLARTON G M. Long term efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an ablative therapy of high grade dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus［J］. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2013, 10(4): 561-565.

[19] [19] OVERHOLT B F, PANJEHPOUR M, HAYDEK J M. Photodynamic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus: follow-up in 100 patients［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 1999, 49(1): 1-7.

[20] [20] OVERHOLT B F, LIDHTDALE C J, WANG K K, et al. Photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium for ablation of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus: international, partially blinded, randomized phase III trial［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2005, 62(4): 488-498.

[21] [21] PENNATHUR A, FARKAS A, KRASINSKAS A M, et al. Esophagectomy for T1 esophageal cancer: outcomes in 100 patients and implications for endoscopic therapy［J］. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2009, 87(4): 1048-1054.

[22] [22] TACHIBANA M, HIRAHARA N, KINUGASA S, et al. Clinicopathologic features of superficial esophageal cancer: results of consecutive 100 patients［J］. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2008, 15(1): 104-116.

[23] [23] ALLENDE D, DUMOT J, YERIAN L. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma arising after endoscopic ablation therapy of Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Report of a case［J］. Diseases of the Esophagus, 2013, 26(3): 314-318.

[24] [24] TANAKA T, MATONO S, NAGANO T, et al. Photodynamic therapy for large superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2011, 73(1): 1-6.

[25] [25] LIU H, LIU Y, WANG L, et al. Evaluation on short-term therapeutic effect of 2 porphyrin photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy for esophageal cancer［J］. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, 2019, 18(5): 1-6.

[26] [26] ELEONORA F, ADONIS S, HAYDAR A N, et al. Salvage esophagectomy after failure of definitive radiochemotherapy for esophageal cancer［J］. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2016, 114(7): 833-837.

[27] [27] YANO T, MUTO M, MINASHI K, et al. Long-term results of salvage photodynamic therapy for patients with local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma［J］. Endoscopy, 2011, 43(8): 657-663.

[28] [28] HATOGAI K, YANO T, KOJIMA T, et al. Salvage photodynamic therapy for local failure after chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2016, 83(6): 1130-1139.e3.

[29] [29] YANO T, KASAI H, HORIMATSU T, et al. A multicenter phase II study of salvage photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium (ME2906) and a diode laser (PNL6405EPG) for local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal cancer［J］. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(13): 22135-22144.

[30] [30] LITLE V R, LUKETICH J D, CHRISTIE N A, et al. Photodynamic therapy as palliation for esophageal cancer: experience in 215 patients［J］. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2003, 76(5): 1687-1692.

[31] [31] LINDENMANN J, MATZI V, NEUBOECK N, et al. Individualized, multimodal palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer: clinical impact of photodynamic therapy resulting in prolonged survival［J］. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2012, 44(3): 189-198.

[32] [32] YOON H Y, CHEON Y K, CHOI H J, et al. Role of photodynamic therapy in the palliation of obstructing esophageal cancer［J］. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 2012, 27(3): 278-284.

[33] [33] NISHIWAKI N, TSUBOSA Y, NIIHARA M. Salvage esophagectomy with pancreatectomy for local recurrence of thoracic esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy: a case report［J］. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, 2018, 42: 85-89.

[34] [34] NAKAJO K, YODA Y, HORI K, et al. Technical feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for local failure after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2018, 88(4): 637-646.

[35] [35] YANO T, MUTO M, MINASHI K, et al. Photodynamic therapy as salvage treatment for local failure after chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase II study［J］. International Journal of Cancer, 2012, 131(5): 1228-1234.

[36] [36] SPAANDER M C, BARON T H, SIERSEMA P D, et al. Esophageal stenting for benign and malignant disease: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) clinical guideline［J］. Endoscopy, 2016, 48(10): 939-948.

[37] [37] KACHAAMY T, PRAKASH R, KUNDRANDA M, et al. Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy for dysphagia palliation in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2018, 88(3): 447-455.

[38] [38] CHEN B, XIONG L, CHEN W D, et al. Photodynamic therapy for middle-advanced stage upper gastrointestinal carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 2018, 6(6): 650-658.

[39] [39] LIGHTDALE C J, HEIER S K, MARCON N E, et al. Photodynamic therapy with porfimer sodium versus thermal ablation therapy with Nd:YAG laser for palliation of esophageal cancer: a multicenter randomized trial［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 1995, 42(6): 507-512.

[40] [40] WU H, MINAMIDE T, YANO T. Role of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer［J］. Digestive Endoscopy, 2019, 31(5): 508-516.

[41] [41] HATOGAI K, YANO T, KOJIMA T, et al. Local efficacy and survival outcome of salvage endoscopic therapy for local recurrent lesions after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer［J］. Radiation Oncology, 2016, 11(1): 1-10.

[42] [42] TORATANI S, TANI R, KANDA T, et al. Photodynamic therapy using photofrin and excimer dye laser treatment for superficial oral squamous cell carcinomas with long-term follow up［J］. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2016, 14: 104-110.

[43] [43] MOY L S, FROST D, MOY S. Photodynamic therapy for photodamage, actinic keratosis, and acne in the cosmetic practice［J］. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, 2020, 28(1): 135-148.

[44] [44] SODERLUND C, LINDER S. Covered metal versus plastic stents for malignant common bile duct stenosis: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial［J］. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2006, 63(7): 986-995.

[45] [45] O’BRIEN S, HATFIELD A R, CRAIG P I, et al. A three year follow up of self expanding metal stents in the endoscopic palliation of longterm survivors with malignant biliary obstruction［J］. Gut, 1995, 36(4): 618-621.

[46] [46] KAHALEH M, MISHRA R, SHAMI V M, et al. Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of survival in biliary stenting alone versus stenting with photodynamic therapy［J］. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2008, 6(3): 290-297.

[47] [47] HARSHA M, HARSHA T, SIRISH D, et al. Success of photodynamic therapy in palliating patients with nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis［J］. Gastroenterology, 2017, 23(7): 1278-1288.

[48] [48] WAGNER A, DENZER U W, NEUREITER D, et al. Temoporfin improves efficacy of photodynamic therapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a multicenter prospective phase II study［J］. Hepatology, 2015, 62(5): 1456-1465.

[49] [49] WITZIGMANN H, BERR F, RINGEL U, et al. Surgical and palliative management and outcome in 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: palliative photodynamic therapy plus stenting is comparable to r1/r2 resection［J］. Annals of Surgery, 2006, 244(2): 230-239.

[50] [50] QUYN A J, ZIYAIE D, POLIGNANO F M, et al. Photodynamic therapy is associated with an improvement in survival in patients with irresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma［J］. International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, 2009, 11(7): 570-577.

[51] [51] CHEON Y K, LEE T Y, LEE S M, et al. Longterm outcome of photodynamic therapy compared with biliary stenting alone in patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma［J］. International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, 2012, 14(3): 185-193.

[52] [52] LEE T Y, CHEON Y K, SHIM C S, et al. Photodynamic therapy prolongs metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma［J］. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2012, 18(39): 5589-5594.

[53] [53] DOLAK W, SCHWAIGHOFER H, HELLMICH B, et al. Photodynamic therapy with polyhematoporphyrin for malignant biliary obstruction: a nationwide retrospective study of 150 consecutive applications［J］. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 2017, 5(1): 104-110.

[54] [54] PEREIRA S P, JITLAL M, DUGGAN M, et al. PHOTOSTENT-02: porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy plus stenting versus stenting alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer［J］. European Society for Medical Oncology and Open Access Companion Journal to Annals of Oncology, 2018, 3(5): e000379.

[55] [55] HUGGETT M T, JERMYN M, GILLAMS A, et al. Phase I/II study of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer［J］. British Journal of Cancer, 2014, 110(7): 1698-1704.

[56] [56] AZZOUZI A R, BARRET E, MOORE C M, et al. TOOKAD? soluble vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy: determination of optimal treatment conditions and assessment of effects in patients with localised prostate cancer［J］. BJU International, 2013, 112(6): 766-774.

[57] [57] ?ZKAN M, HADI S E, TUN? ?, et al. Cucurbituril-capped hybrid conjugated oligomer-gold nanoparticles for combined photodynamic-photothermal therapy and cellular imaging［J］. American Chemical Society Applied Polymer Materials, 2020, 2(9): 3840-3849.

[58] [58] O’CONNOR A E, GALLAGHER W M, BYRNE A T. Porphyrin and nonporphyrin photosensitizers in oncology: preclinical and clinical advances in photodynamic therapy［J］. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2009, 85(5): 1053-1074.

[59] [59] MINDT S, KARAMPINIS I, JOHN M, et al. Stability and degradation of indocyanine green in plasma, aqueous solution and whole blood［J］. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences: Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2018, 17(9): 1189-1196.

[60] [60] TANIGUCHI M, LINDSEY J S. Database of absorption and fluorescence spectra of >300 common compounds for use in photochemCAD［J］. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2018, 94(2): 290-327.

[61] [61] PETROVIC L Z, XAVIERSELVAN M, KURIAKOSE M, et al. Mutual impact of clinically translatable near-infrared dyes on photoacoustic image contrast and in vitro photodynamic therapy efficacy［J］. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2020, 25(6): 1-12.

[62] [62] NAMIKAWA T, FUJISAWA K, MUNEKAGE E, et al. Clinical application of photodynamic medicine technology using light-emitting fluorescence imaging based on a specialized luminous source［J］. Medical Molecular Morphology, 2018, 51(4): 187-193.

[63] [63] KISHI K, FUJIWARA Y, YANO M, et al. Usefulness of diagnostic laparoscopy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic diagnosis for the detection of peritoneal micrometastasis in advanced gastric cancer after chemotherapy［J］. Surgery Today, 2016, 46(12): 1427-1434.

[64] [64] KISHI K, FUJIWARA Y, YANO M, et al. Diagnostic laparoscopy with 5-aminolevulinic-acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis enhances the detection of peritoneal micrometastases in advanced gastric cancer［J］. Oncology, 2014, 87(5): 257-265.

[65] [65] KOIZUMI N, HARADA Y, MINAMIKAWA T, et al. Recent advances in photodynamic diagnosis of gastric cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid［J］. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2016, 22(3): 1289-1296.

[66] [66] ISOMOTO H, NANASHIMA A, SENOO T, et al. In vivo fluorescence navigation of gastric and upper gastrointestinal tumors by 5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic diagnosis with a laser-equipped video image endoscope［J］. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2015, 12(2): 201-208.

[67] [67] KISHI K, FUJIWARA Y, YANO M, et al. Staging laparoscopy using ALA-mediated photodynamic diagnosis improves the detection of peritoneal metastases in advanced gastric cancer［J］. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2012, 106(3): 294-298.

[68] [68] MARI E, FLORIANI I, TINAZZI A, et al. Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of published randomised trials. a study of the GISCAD (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Carcinomi dell’Apparato Digerente)［J］. Annals of Oncology: Offical Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2000, 11(7): 837-843.

[69] [69] MI D H, LI Z, YANG K H, et al. Surgery combined with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IHIC) for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials［J］. International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2013, 29(2): 156-167.

[70] [70] ILARIA B, NADIA B, FRANCESCA D F, et al. The role of different adjuvant therapies in locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma［J］. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(74): 34022-34029.

[71] [71] TSUJIMOTO H, MORIMOTO Y, TAKAHATA R, et al. Photodynamic therapy using nanoparticle loaded with indocyanine green for experimental peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer［J］. Cancer Science, 2014, 105(12): 1626-1630.

[72] [72] DOHMOTO M, HUNERBEIN M, SCHLAG P M. Palliative endoscopic therapy of rectal carcinoma［J］. European Journal of Cancer, 1996, 32 (1): 25-29.

[73] [73] HODGKINSON N, KRUGER C A, ABRAHAMSE H. Targeted photodynamic therapy as potential treatment modality for the eradication of colon cancer and colon cancer stem cells［J］. Tumour Biology, 2017, 39(10): 1-17.

[74] [74] ZHANG L W, FANG Y P, FANG J Y. Enhancement techniques for improving 5-aminolevulinic acid delivery through the skin［J］. Dermatologica Sinica, 2011, 29(1): 1-7.

[75] [75] FINNIN B C, MORGAN T M. Transdermal penetration enhancers: applications, limitations, and potential［J］. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1999, 88(10): 955-958.

[76] [76] GODIN B, TOUITOU E. Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models［J］. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2007, 59(11): 1152-1161.

[77] [77] LANKE S S, KOLLI C S, STROM J G, et al. Enhanced transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin by barrier perturbation［J］. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2009, 365(1/2): 26-33.

[78] [78] GOETZ M, WANG T D. Molecular imaging in gastrointestinal endoscopy［J］. Gastroenterology, 2010, 138(3): 828-833.

[79] [79] KIM J H, ROH Y J, KIM I W, et al. Targeted photodynamic therapy with colon cancer-specific peptide conjugated photosensitizer［J］. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2015, 12(3): 340.

[80] [80] MIN D, JEONG D, CHOI M G, et al. Photochemical tissue penetration via photosensitizer for effective drug penetration in a non-vascular tumor［J］. Biomaterials, 2015, 52: 484-493.

[81] [81] SPRING B Q, BRYAN S R, ZHENG L Z, et al. A photoactivable multi-inhibitor nanoliposome for tumour control and simultaneous inhibition of treatment escape pathways［J］. Nature Nanotechnology, 2016, 11(4): 378-387.

[82] [82] BAROLET D. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dermatology［J］. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 2009, 27(4): 227-238.

[83] [83] YAMAGISHI K, KIRINO I, TAKAHASHI I, et al. Tissue-adhesive wirelessly powered optoelectronic device for metronomic photodynamic cancer therapy［J］. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 3(1): 27-36.

[84] [84] PARK S I, BRENNER D S, SHIN G, et al. Soft, stretchable, fully implantable miniaturized optoelectronic systems for wireless optogenetics［J］. Nature Biotechnology, 2015, 33(12): 1280-1286.

[85] [85] SHI X F, JIN W D, GAO H, et al. A suppository kit for metronomic photodynamic therapy: the elimination of rectal cancer in situ［J］. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2018, 181: 143-149.

[86] [86] LAURIE G, LESAGE J C, NACIM B, et al. Development of a new illumination procedure for photodynamic therapy of the abdominal cavity［J］. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2012, 17(3): 038001.

[87] [87] SPRING B Q, ABUYOUSIF A O, PALANISAMI A, et al. Selective treatment and monitoring of disseminated cancer micrometastases in vivo using dual-function, activatable immunoconjugates［J］. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014, 111(10): E933-E942.

[88] [88] NIZAMOGLU S, GATHER M C, HUMAR M, et al. Bioabsorbable polymer optical waveguides for deep-tissue photomedicine［J］. Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 10374.

[89] [89] MALLIDI S, ANBIL S, BULIN A L, et al. Beyond the barriers of light penetration: strategies, perspectives and possibilities for photodynamic therapy［J］. Theranostics, 2016, 6(13): 2458-2487.

[90] [90] DUJARDIN C, AUFFRAY E, BOURRET C E, et al. Needs, trends, and advances in inorganic scintillators［J］. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2018, 65(8): 1977-1997.

[91] [91] HU J, TANG Y A, ELMENOUFY A H, et al. Nanocomposite-based photodynamic therapy strategies for deep tumor treatment［J］. Small, 2015, 11(44): 5860-5887.

[92] [92] FAN W, HUANG P, CHEN X. Overcoming the Achilles’ heel of photodynamic therapy［J］. Chemical Society Reviews, 2016, 45(23): 6488-6519.

[93] [93] KAMKAEW A, CHEN F, ZHAN Y, et al. Scintillating nanoparticles as energy mediators for enhanced photodynamic therapy［J］. ACS Nano, 2016, 10(4): 3918-3935.

[94] [94] LARUE L, MIHOUB A, YOUSSEF Z, et al. Using X-rays in photodynamic therapy: an overview［J］. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2018, 17(11): 1612-1650.

[95] [95] CHEN X, SONG J, CHEN X, et al. X-ray-activated nanosystems for theranostic applications［J］. Chemical Society Reviews, 2019, 48(11): 3073-3101.

[96] [96] SUN W J, ZHOU Z, PRATX G, et al. Nanoscintillator-mediated X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy for deep-seated tumors: from concept to biomedical applications［J］. Theranostics, 2020, 10(3): 1296-1318.

[97] [97] HARADA K, MURAYAMA Y, KUBO H, et al. Photodynamic diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis in human pancreatic cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid during staging laparoscopy［J］. Oncology Letters, 2018, 16(1): 821-828.

[98] [98] KUSHIBIKI T, NOJI T, EBIHARA Y, et al. 5-Aminolevulinic-acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis enhances the detection of peritoneal metastases in biliary tract cancer in mice［J］. In Vivo, 2017, 31(5): 905-908.

[99] [99] LEE H H, CHOI M G, HASAN T. Application of photodynamic therapy in gastrointestinal disorders: an outdated or re-emerging technique?［J］. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 2017, 32(1): 1-10.