[1] [1] VAN NIEL G, D’ANGELO G, RAPOSO G. Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles［J］. Nature Reviews Molecu- lar Cell Biology, 2018, 19(4): 213-228.

[2] [2] THERY C, WITWER K W, AIKAWA E, et al. Minimal informa- tion for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines［J］. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018, 7( 1): 1535750.

[3] [3] JEPPESEN D K, FENIX AM, FRANKLIN J L, et al. Reassessment of exosome composition［J］. Cell, 2019, 177(2): 428-445.e18.

[4] [4] TENG F, FUSSENEGGER M. Shedding light on extracellular ves- icle biogenesis and bioengineering［J］. Advanced Science, 2020, 8( 1): 2003505.

[5] [5] O’BRIEN K, BREYNE K, UGHETTO S, et al. RNA delivery by extracellular vesicles in mammalian cells and its applications［J］. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2020, 21( 10): 585-606.

[6] [6] YANG Y, HONG Y, CHO E, et al. Extracellular vesicles as a plat- form for membrane-associated therapeutic protein delivery［J］. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018, 7( 1): 1440131.

[7] [7] ALLENSON K, CASTILLO J, SAN LUCAS F A, et al. High prevalence of mutant KRAS in circulating exosome-derived DNA from early-stage pancreatic cancer patients［J］. Annals of Oncol- ogy, 2017, 28(4): 741-747.

[8] [8] ELZANOWSKA J, SEMIRA C, COSTA-SILVA B. DNA in ex- tracellular vesicles: biological and clinical aspects［J］. Molecular Oncology, 2020, 15(6): 1701-1714.

[9] [9] THAKUR B K, ZHANG H, BECKER A, et al. Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection［J］. Cell Research, 2014, 24(6): 766-769.

[10] [10] NEMETH A , ORGOVAN N , SODAR B W, et al. Antibiotic- induced release of small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) with surface-associated DNA［J］. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7( 1): 8202.

[11] [11] VAGNER T, SPINELLI C, MINCIACCHI V R, et al. Large extra- cellular vesicles carry most of the tumour DNA circulating in pros- tate cancer patient plasma［J］. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018, 7( 1): 1505403.

[12] [12] LáZARO-IBá?EZ E, SANZ-GARCIA A, VISAKORPI T, et al. Different gDNA content in the subpopulations of prostate cancer extracellular vesicles: apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exo- somes［J］. Prostate, 2014, 74( 14): 1379-1390.

[13] [13] KISURINA-EVGENIEVA O P, SUTIAGINA O I, ONISHCHEN- KO G E. Biogenesis of micronuclei［J］. Biochemistry (Mosc), 2016, 81(5): 453-464.

[14] [14] YOKOI A, VILLAR-PRADOS A, OLIPHINT P A, et al. Mecha- nisms of nuclear content loading to exosomes［J］. Science Ad- vances, 2019, 5( 11): eaax8849.

[15] [15] FENECH M, KIRSCH-VOLDERS M, NATARAJAN A T, et al. Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in mammalian and human cells［J］. Muta- genesis, 2011, 26( 1): 125-132.

[16] [16] TERRADAS M, MARTíN M, TUSELL L, et al. Genetic activities in micronuclei: is the DNA entrapped in micronuclei lost for the cell?［J］. Mutation Research, 2010, 705( 1): 60-67.

[17] [17] CASTELLANOS-RIZALDOS E, GRIMM D G, TADIGOTLA V, et al. Exosome-based detection of EGFR T790M in plasma from non-small cell lung cancer patients［J］. Clinical Cancer Research, 2018, 24( 12): 2944-2950.

[18] [18] LIAO G J, GRONOWSKI A M, ZHAO Z. Non-invasive prenatal testing using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal circulation［J］. Cli- nica Chimica Acta, 2014, 428: 44-50.