The optical frequency standard based on two-photon transition is expected to become a miniaturized optical atomic clock available in the future. Acquiring spectral lines with a high signal-to-noise ratio is an important prerequisite for achieving high-performance optical frequency standards. The experimental setup of the two-photon transition optical frequency standard was completed. The factors affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical frequency standard spectral line were experimentally analyzed from the aspects of laser intensity, atomic density, and the gain of the photomultiplier tube, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical frequency standard transition spectral line under different parameter values was obtained. Experimental results show that the spectral line's signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with the increase of the laser intensity in the range of 15 700 mW·mm^-2. When the atomicitydensity reaches 1.5×10¹³ cm^-3and the PMT gain is 1.2×10⁵, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral line reaches saturation. The signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral line of the two-photon transition optical frequency standard obtained by this setup can reach up to 2600. Considering that the linewidth of the two-photon transition spectral line is 1MHz, the short-term frequency stability of the optical frequency standard is expected to reach 3×10^-13τ^-1/2. By studying the factors affecting the signal-to-noise ratio of two-photon optical frequency standard spectral lines based on Rubidium atoms, the atomic transition spectral line with a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained, which is of great significance for the development of high-performance and integrated two-photon optical frequency standards.