Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 9, 1387(2020)
Spatio-temporal variation in China’s climatic seasons from 1951 to 2017
Fig. 1. Location of the meteorological stations.
Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of climatic seasonal regions in different Climate Normals in China
Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of spring, summer, autumn and winter duration in different Climate Normals in China
Fig. 4. Linear trends and cumulative anomaly curves in different climatic seasonal regions from 1951 to 2017
Fig. 5. Spatial distribution of expanded area for climatic seasonal regions in China after 1994
Fig. 6. Trends of spring, summer, autumn and winter durations from 1951 to 2017
Fig. 7. Trends of the spring, summer, autumn and winter starting dates in China from 1951 to 2017
Table 1.
Threshold temperatures for different climatic seasons
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Threshold temperatures for different climatic seasons
Seasons Spring Summer Autumn Winter Threshold $10\ \le T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<22\ $℃ $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}\ge 22\ $℃ $10\ \le T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<22\ $℃ $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<10\ $℃
Table 2.
Definition of normal climatic seasonal regions
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Definition of normal climatic seasonal regions
Climatic seasons regions Abbreviation Threshold for the temperature of tenderness Perennial-winter region PWR $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<10$℃ Perennial-summer region PSuR $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}\ge 22$℃ Perennial-spring region PSpR $10\le T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<22$℃ No-winter region NWR $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}\ge 10$℃ No-summer region NSR $T{{\overline{M}}_{j}}<22$℃ Discernible region DR Except the above five cases
Table 3.
Multiple regression models for climatic seasonal length simulation in China for different Climate Normals
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Multiple regression models for climatic seasonal length simulation in China for different Climate Normals
Climate Normal Threshold Multiple regression model R 2Significance level 1951-1980 10 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=4014.82\text{+}41.71\times \theta \text{+}0.003\times {{\theta }^{3}}-4.32\times \text{sin}\theta -1280.2\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -119.38\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.02\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.97 0.001 22 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=3461.58+93.51\times \theta -0.65\times {{\theta }^{2}}\text{+}2.42\times \text{sin}\theta -1759.02\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -121.4\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.09\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.958 0.001 1961-1990 10 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=4025.87\text{+}41.94\times \theta -0.003\times {{\theta }^{3}}-4.28\times \text{sin}\theta -1285.43\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -119.33\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.02\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.97 0.001 22 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=3461.57\text{+}93.51\times \theta -0.65\times {{\theta }^{2}}\text{+}2.42\times \text{sin}\theta -1759.02\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -121.4\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.09\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.958 0.001 1971-2000 10 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=4009.6\text{+}41.7\times \theta -0.003\times {{\theta }^{3}}-5.39\times \text{sin}\theta -1280.05\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -118.44\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.02\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.97 0.001 22 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=3682.63\text{+}105.4\times \theta -0.74\times {{\theta }^{2}}\text{+}1.75\times \text{sin}\theta -1964.13\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -165.82\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.1\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.958 0.001 1981-2010 10 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=3801.72\text{+}38.03\times \theta -0.003\times {{\theta }^{3}}-5.44\times \text{sin}\theta -1193.74\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -114.2\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.02\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.97 0.001 22 ℃ $\begin{align} & Y=3395.83\text{+}67.93\times \theta -0.006\times {{\theta }^{3}}\text{+}2.1\times \text{sin}\theta -1671.14\times \\ & \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{ln}\theta -147\times \text{ln}\varphi -0.1\times h \\ \end{align}$ 0.959 0.001
Table 4.
The R, S and RMSE between measured and simulated values of the validation site
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The R, S and RMSE between measured and simulated values of the validation site
Station R S RSME Station R S RSME Hailar 0.99 61.21 5.05 Dardo 0.99 79.33 22.77 Karamay 0.98 47.87 23.47 Yanyuan 0.99 109.76 17.15 Korla 0.99 56.08 19.86 Zhanyi 0.99 124.65 24.16 Yarkant 0.99 62.22 5.61 Gaoping 0.99 77.55 4.40 Naomaohu 0.98 44.79 17.10 Shuangfeng 0.99 63.33 4.76 Jiuquan 0.99 72.03 15.55 Xuzhou 0.99 57.50 3.45 Gonghe 0.99 61.20 10.06 Anqing 0.99 62.44 3.26 Urad Zhongqi 0.99 68.65 6.08 Wenzhou 0.99 77.66 6.83 Houma 0.99 58.18 3.94 Du’an 0.99 88.15 3.00 Changchun 0.99 56.58 4.68 Meixian 0.99 87.59 6.98 Qinglong 0.99 60.40 4.03 Tainan 0.99 76.59 48.13 Sog 0.98 35.70 8.39 Qionghai 0.99 60.24 16.26
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Bin MA, Bo ZHANG, Lige JIA. Spatio-temporal variation in China’s climatic seasons from 1951 to 2017[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(9): 1387
Category: Research Articles
Received: Dec. 17, 2019
Accepted: Jun. 2, 2020
Published Online: Apr. 21, 2021
The Author Email: Bo ZHANG (zhangbo@nwnu.edu.cn)
