Fig. 1. Structure of independent addressable surface liquid crystal VCSEL array: (a) Cross section; (b) top view.

Fig. 2. Characteristic temperature and threshold current temperature drift rate of each array before and after introducing liquid crystal (LC).

Fig. 3. Slope efficiency of each array at different temperatures: (a) Without liquid crystal; (b) with liquid crystal.

Fig. 4. The P-I curves of each array at different temperatures before and after coating with LC and spectra at saturated optical power at room temperture (a), (d), (g) 1 × 1; (b), (e), (h) 2 × 2; (c), (f), (i) 3 × 3

Fig. 5. Thermal resistance of each array before and after coating with LC.

Fig. 6. Temperature difference between the optical hole of laser array and its surroundings.