Fig. 1. Heating process curve

Fig. 2. Schematic of laser-assisted glass frit bonding

Fig. 3. Laser-assisted glass frit bonding apparatus diagram

Fig. 4. Schematic of coupling behavior during laser-assisted glass frit bonding

Fig. 5. Observed images of typical coupling behavior. (a) The glass coating area is not fully connected; (b) the glass coating area is fully connected; (c) bonding area expansion

Fig. 6. Images of weld seam after connection. (a) The glass coating area is not fully connected; (b) the glass coating area is fully connected; (c) bonding area expansion

Fig. 7. Formation of impurity-type pores. (a) t₀; (b) t₀+33 ms; (c) t₀+133 ms; (d) t₀+600 ms

Fig. 8. Formation of impurity-type pores when the impurity particles are large.(a) t₀; (b) t₀+50 ms; (c) t₀+667 ms

Fig. 9. Formation of intensive and impurity-type pores. (a) t₀; (b) t₀+1350 ms; (c) t₀+1650 ms

Fig. 10. Movement direction of impurity-type pores. (a) t₀; (b) t₀+116 ms; (c) t₀+500 ms

Fig. 11. Movement direction of impurity-type pores under special circumstances. (a) t₀; (b) t₀+417 ms; (c) t₀+567 ms; (d) t₀+783 ms;(e) t₀+933 ms; (f) t₀+1483 ms

Fig. 12. Area of impurity-type pore changes curve with time during the process of pore overflow

Fig. 13. Other common defects. (a) Partially prominent bonding area; (b) partially not connected