ObjectiveNeutral atomic optical lattice clocks are based on the frequency transition of cold atoms trapped in the magic wavelength optical lattice as the frequency reference, and the frequency stability and uncertainty can reach the order of 10^-19, which is a popular research in the field of time-frequency. The realization of the magic wavelength optical lattice with a reinforced cavity can greatly reduce the power requirement of the lattice laser. Cavity-enhanced optical lattice can achieve a large lattice waist with limited optical power, thereby significantly reducing the collision frequency shift between atoms. It also contributes to improve the transfer efficiency of cold atoms to the optical lattice and reduce the quantum projection noise.MethodsWe built a vacuum cavity-enhanced optical lattice system at magic wavelength for ytterbium optical clocks. Using the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique for laser frequency stabilization, we achieved accurate frequency control of 759 nm lattice laser as well as the enhancement cavity. The frequency noise of the enhancement cavity was evaluated by the error signal. We also analyzed the heating effect of the lattice on the trapped atoms, suppressed the heating effect by power stabilization, and then analyzed the lifetime of the optical lattice by monitoring the spectrum of transmitted signal intensity.Results and DiscussionsThe cavity enhancement factor reached 640 times. By measuring the intensity noise and power spectral density of the transmitted light in the cavity, we evaluated the lifetime of the optical lattice at different well depths, and the optical lattice lifetime can reach more than 10 seconds at a typical well depth of 10 μK.ConclusionsWe have built a vacuum cavity-enhanced optical lattice system for ytterbium atomic optical clocks which can use low-power, high-stability semiconductor lasers as lattice light sources, laying the foundation for further miniaturization and portability of atomic optical clocks.