[1] [1] Popoff S, Lerosey S, Fink M, et al. Image transmission through an opaque material［J］.Nature Communication,2010,1(81):1-5.

[2] [2] Yang J, Li J, He S, et al. Angular-spectrum modeling of focusing light inside scattering media by optical phase conjugation ［J］. Optica,2019,6(3):250-256.

[3] [3] Jordan M I, Mitchell T M. Machine learning: trends, perspectives, and prospects［J］. Science,2015,349(6245),255.

[4] [4] Marr B, Degnan B, Hasler P, et al. Scaling energy per operation via an asynchronous pipeline［J］. IEEE Transactions on Very Large-Scale Integration Systems,2012,21(1):147-151.

[5] [5] Yan T, Wu J, Zhou T, et al. Fourier-space diffractive deep neural network［J］.Physics Reviewer.Letter,2019,123(2):023901.

[6] [6] Shiflett K, Wright D, Karanth A, et al. PIXEL: Photonic Neural Network Accelerator［J］. IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture,2020,474-487.

[7] [7] Wetzstein G, Ozcan A, Gigan S, et al. Inference in artificial intelligence with deep optics and photonics［J］. Nature,2020,588:39-47.

[8] [8] Vandoorne K, Dambre J, Verstraeten D, et al. Parallel reservoir computing using optical amplifiers［J］. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,2011,22(9):1469-1481.

[9] [9] Shen Y C, Harris N C, Skirlo S, et al. Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits［J］. Nature Photonics,2017,11(7):441-446.

[10] [10] Hughes T W, Minkov M, Shi Y, et al. Training of photonic neural networks through in situ backpropagation and gradient measurement［J］. Optica,2018,5(7):864-871.

[11] [11] Lin X, Rivenson Y, Yardimci N T, et al. All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks［J］. Science,2018,361(6406):1004-1008.

[12] [12] Zhou T, Fang L, Yan T, et al. In situ optical backpropagation training of diffractive optical neural networks［J］. Photonics Research,2020,8(6):940-953.

[13] [13] Turpin A, Vishniakou I, Seelig J. Light scattering control in transmission and reflection with neural networks［J］. Optics. Express,2018,26(23):30911.

[14] [14] Hizhyakov V, Tehver I. Theory of resonant secondary radiation due to impurity centres in crystals［J］. Physica Status Solidi (b),1967,21(2):755-768.

[15] [15] Raymond R. Improved formulation of scattering matrices for semi-analytical methods that is consistent with convention［J］. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B,2011,35:241-261.

[16] [16] Y Zuo, B Li, Y Zhao, et al. All-optical neural network with nonlinear activation functions［J］.Optica,2019,6(9):1132-1137.

[17] [17] Williamson I A D, Hughes T W, Minkov M, et al. Reprogrammable electro-optic nonlinear activation functions for optical neural networks［J］. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,2019,26(1):1-12.

[18] [18] M Miscuglio, C C Adam, D Kuzum, et al. Roadmap on material-function mapping for photonic-electronic hybrid neural network［J］. APL Materials,2019,7:100903.

[19] [19] Vazquez R A, Neurgaonkar R R, Ewbank M D. Photorefractive properties of SBN: 60 systematically doped with rhodium［J］. J.Opt.Soc.Am.B,1992,9(8):1416-1427.

[20] [20] Hirose A. Complex-valued neural networks［M］. Berlin:Springer Science & Business Media,2012.

[21] [21] Leung H, Haykin S. The complex backpropagation algorithm［J］. IEEE Trans on Signal Processing,1991,39(9):2101-2104.

[22] [22] Scardapane S, Vaerenbergh S V, Hussain A, et al. Complex-valued neural networks with non-parametric activation functions ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence,2018,4(2):1-11.

[23] [23] Ken K D. The complex gradient operator and the cr-calculus［J］. arXiv: 0906.4835.

[24] [24] Xiao Y L, Li S K, Situ G, et al. Unitary learning for diffractive deep neural network［J］. Optics and Lasers in Engineering,2021,139:106499.

[25] [25] Wang B, Rodriguez J A, Miller O, et al. Reconfigurable plasma-dielectric hybrid photonic crystal as a platform for electromagnetic wave manipulation and computing［J］. Physics of Plasmas,2021,28(4):043502.

[26] [26] Wiecha P R, Arbouet A, Girard C, et al. Deep learning in nano-photonics: inverse design and beyond［J］. Photonics.Research,2021,9(5):B182-B200.

[27] [27] Estakhri N M, Edwards B, Engheta N. Inverse-designed metastructures that solve equations［J］. Science,2019,363:1333-1338.

[28] [28] Vellekoop I M, Mosk A P. Focusing coherent light through opaque strongly scattering media［J］. Optics Letters,2007,32(16):2309-2311.

[29] [29] Popoff S M, Lerosey G, Carminati, et al. Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media［J］. Physics Reviewer Letter,2010,104:100601.