Fig. 1. Experimental set-up of the laser-arc hybrid welding

Fig. 2. Weld morphologies and cross-sections of laser-arc hybrid welding of E36 steel

Fig. 3. Comparison of the influence of non-pulse technology and pulse technology on weld size

Fig. 4. Welding electric signals of sample in laser-arc hybrid welding. (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#

Fig. 5. Droplet transition patterns of different samples in laser-arc hybrid welding. (a) 1#; (b) 2#; (c) 3#; (d) 4#; (e) 5#; (f) 6#

Fig. 6. Schematic of forces affecting droplet in the laser-arc hybrid welding

Fig. 7. Effect of pulse arc on the welding spatters in the laser-arc hybrid welding

Fig. 8. High-speed photographs of spatters in different time of laser-arc hybrid welding (P=4900 W,L_c=-20%, non-pulse)

Fig. 9. High-speed photographs of spatters of laser-arc hybrid welding (P=4900 W, L_c=0, non-pulse). (a) Liquid bridge exploded at the bottom of the drop; (b) molten drop exploded; (c) liquid bridge exploded at the end of the wire

Fig. 10. High-speed photographs of spatters of laser-arc hybrid welding (P=6000 W, L_c=-15%, non-pulse)