Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of the Ti3C2Tx and Ti3AlC2. (b) Linear absorption spectrum of Ti3C2Tx. (c), (d) SEM images of delaminated Ti3C2Tx after HF etching under different magnifications. (e) Interlayer distance is measured to be 9.85 Å. (f) TEM image of the Ti3C2Tx flakes.

Fig. 2. Ultrafast dynamic process of the Ti3C2Tx sample. (a) Transient absorption curve of the sample and (b) photodynamic curve of the sample.

Fig. 3. Experiment setup of open aperture Z-scan measurements with the Ti3C2Tx sample.

Fig. 4. Broadband nonlinear saturable absorption properties of Ti3C2Tx. Open aperture Z-scan measurements of Ti3C2Tx sample under different intensities at (a) 400 nm, (c) 800 nm, and (e) 1560 nm, respectively; relationship between transmittance and input intensity at (b) 400 nm, (d) 800 nm, and (f) 1560 nm, respectively.

Fig. 5. Experimental setup of the Ti3C2Tx-based mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser.

Fig. 6. Results of mode locking. (a) Pulse train, (b) spectrum of mode locking, (c) autocorrelation trace, and (d) RF spectrum.

Fig. 7. Output power versus pump power.

Fig. 8. Output spectra collection across 7 h.