Fig. 1. Distribution of validation sites in study region

Fig. 2. Real part (a) and imaginary part (b) of the complex refractive index (CRI) for insoluble particles, as well as the real part of CRI for soluble particles (c) in the Components module

Fig. 3. Scatter plots of AOD and AExp retrieved from DPC/GRASP versus AERONET measurements (a), (b) and frequency distribution of bias (c), (d)

Fig. 4. Validation results of DPC/GRASP with each AERONET site. (a) R; (b) bias between DPC/GRASP and AERONET

Fig. 5. Comparison of oceanic reflectance between of ρW (DPC/GRASP) and of RW (AERONET-OC)

Fig. 6. Comparisons of FAOD (a) and CAOD (b) between DPC/GRASP and AERONET SDA data set

Fig. 7. Comparisons of SSA between DPC/GRASP and AERONET data set at 670 nm

Fig. 8. Comparisons of AOD (a) and AExp (b) between DPC/GRASP and the MAN measurements

Fig. 9. Mean AOD retrieved from DPC/GRASP over MAN's trajectories (a) and bias between DPC/GRASP and MAN (b)

Fig. 10. Comparisons of monthly mean AODs between DPC/GRASP and MODIS DT in January and February 2022. (a), (b) DPC/GRASP AOD 565 nm; (c), (d) MODIS DT AOD 550 nm; (e), (f) bias between DPC/GRASP and MODIS DT

Fig. 11. Monthly Mean AExp of DPC/GRASP and MODIS DT products in January and February 2022. (a), (b) DPC/GRASP AExp 443–865 nm; (c), (d) MODIS/DT AExp 470-870 nm

Fig. 12. Monthly mean FAOD, CAOD, and SSA of DPC/GRASP in January and February 2022. (a), (b) FAOD 565 nm;(c), (d) CAOD 565 nm; (e), (f) SSA 670 nm