Fig. 1. Schematic of laser system operation

Fig. 2. Schematic of LSMHB process

Fig. 3. Experimental mold group. (a) Physical drawing; (b) sectional drawing

Fig. 4. 3D profiles of formed workpieces under different laser energies. (a) Raw material; (b) 30%; (c) 40%; (d) 50%; (e) 60%; (f) 70%; (g) 80%; (h) 90%

Fig. 5. Cross-sectional profile and depth curve under 90% laser energy. (a) Cross-sectional profile; (b) depth curve

Fig. 6. Variation trend of forming depth under different laser energies

Fig. 7. Bottom morphologies of forming features under different laser energies. (a) Raw material; (b) 30%; (c) 40%; (d) 50%; (e) 60%; (f) 70%; (g) 80%; (h) 90%

Fig. 8. Roughness values at bottoms of forming features under different laser energies

Fig. 9. Surface topography of forming features in contact with liquids

Fig. 10. Schematic of thinning ratio measurement points

Fig. 11. Thinning ratio distributions under different laser energies

Fig. 12. Fillet of bulging workpiece under 90% laser energy

Fig. 13. Fracture at bottom area of bulging workpiece

Fig. 14. Schematic of measurement locations of microhardness

Fig. 15. Microhardnesses of forming features under different laser energies