Fig. 1. Schematic of coaxial powder feeding additive manufacturing

Fig. 2. Schematic of calculation domain

Fig. 3. Experimental equipment of coaxial powder feeding laser deposition

Fig. 4. Simulation results of shape of deposition layer at different scanning speeds

Fig. 5. Measured deposition morphologies at different scanning speeds. (a) 8 mm/s; (b) 10 mm/s; (c) 12 mm/s; (d) 14 mm/s

Fig. 6. Size of deposition layer at different scanning speeds. (a) Height of deposition layer varies with scanning speed; (b) width of deposition layer varies with scanning speed

Fig. 7. Temperature contours of single path deposition layer at different moments. (a) 0.05 s; (b) 0.15 s; (c) 0.30 s; (d) 0.40 s

Fig. 8. Three-dimensional molten pool morphologies of single path forming at different moments. (a) 0.05 s; (b) 0.15 s; (c) 0.30 s; (d) 0.40 s

Fig. 9. Comparison of morphologies of molten pool for single path process obtained by experiment and simulation

Fig. 10. Comparison of deposition layer morphologies obtained by simulation and experiment. (a) Simulation result; (b) experimental result

Fig. 11. Comparison of molten pool morphologies obtained by experiment and simulation. (a) Experimental result; (b) simulation result

Fig. 12. Temperature distributions at different moments from beginning of overlapping. (a) 0.05 s; (b) 0.15 s; (c) 0.30 s; (d) 0.40 s

Fig. 13. Comparison of highest temperatures of deposition layer surface for single path and overlapping processes at same relative moment

Fig. 14. Comparison of total numbers of molten elements in single path and overlapping processes

Fig. 15. Temperature varying with scanning time for a point (0.003 m away from starting position of laser scanning ) on substrate surface during single path process

Fig. 16. Temperature change on symmetry line of first deposition layer surface