Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of attention mechanism principle

Fig. 2. Flowchart of automated scoliosis diagnosis

Fig. 3. Structure of vertebral localisation network

Fig. 4. Structure of space attention gate control unit

Fig. 5. Structure of prediction module

Fig. 6. Positioning of vertebral ROI

Fig. 7. Inspection flowchart for Cobb angle

Fig. 8. Example of vertebral index

Fig. 9. Example of dataset labelling

Fig. 10. Training loss. (a) Vertebral center; (b) locating point

Fig. 11. Image processing

Fig. 12. Detection results by different methods. (a) Original images; (b) detection results by method based on vertebral centroid regression; (c) detection results by method based on vertebral corner landmark regression; (d) detection results by method based on vertebral segmentation; (e) detection results by proposed method

Fig. 13. Cobb angle by manual measurement