Estimation of Gas Velocity in Optical Gas Imaging Based on Deep Optical Flow Network

Xiaoyu Gu; Xiaojing Gu; Jie Ding; Xingsheng Gu

doi:10.3788/AOS240598

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 44, Issue 18, 1812001(2024)

Estimation of Gas Velocity in Optical Gas Imaging Based on Deep Optical Flow Network

Xiaoyu Gu, Xiaojing Gu^*, Jie Ding, and Xingsheng Gu

Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Framework for generating gas optical flow dataset

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Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of ray marching method

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Fig. 3. Three-layer radiative transfer model

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Fig. 4. Synthesized gas optical flow dataset. (a)(d)(g) Frame 1; (b)(e)(h) frame 2; (c)(f)(i) optical flow label

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Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of gas column density and velocity estimation

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Fig. 6. Estimation results of multiple optical flow methods on the gas optical flow validation set. (a) Frame 1; (b) frame 2; (c) optical flow label; (d) Farnebäck; (e) DIS; (f) FlowNet2; (g) PWC-Net; (h) RAFT; (i) GMA; (j) FlowNet2+ours

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Fig. 7. Estimated optical flow results of real images. (a) Frame 1; (b) frame 2; (c) Farnebäck; (d) DIS; (e) FlowNet2; (f) PWC-Net; (g) RAFT; (h) GMA; (i) ours

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Fig. 8. Continuous synthetic gas optical flow data. (a)(b)(c)(d) Frame 1, 20, 40, 60 gas images; (e)(f)(g)(h) frame 1, 20, 40, 60 gas optical flow label

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Fig. 9. Comparison of warping transformations between the FlyingChairs and gas optical flow dataset. (a) Origin image in FlyingChairs; (b) origin image in gas optical flow dataset; (c) warped image in FlyingChairs; (d) warped image in gas optical flow dataset

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Fig. 10. Comparisons of optical flow estimation results using different loss functions. (a)(b) Frame 1; (c)(d) frame 2; (e)(f) optical flow label; (g)(h) optical flow estimation results with gradient loss; (i)(j) optical flow estimation results without gradient loss

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Table 1. Performance comparison of different optical flow methods on the gas optical flow validation dataset

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Table 1. Performance comparison of different optical flow methods on the gas optical flow validation dataset

Method	AEPE	AAE
Farnebäck^［7］	4.48	1.26
DIS^［30］	3.95	0.90
FlowNet2^［14］	4.03	0.92
PWC-Net^［15］	4.15	0.34
RAFT^［16］	4.46	0.87
GMA^［17］	4.54	1.18
FlowNet2+Rangels^［18］	3.99	0.91
PWC-Net+ours	1.73	0.34
RAFT+ours	1.29	0.31
GMA+ours	1.35	0.30
FlowNet2+ours	1.27	0.27

Table 2. Comparison of velocity estimation accuracy of different optical flow methods on continuous synthetic gas data
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Table 2. Comparison of velocity estimation accuracy of different optical flow methods on continuous synthetic gas data
Method Accuracy /%
Farnebäck^［7］ 23.66
DIS^［30］ 72.90
FlowNet2^［14］ 59.64
PWC-Net^［15］ 38.81
RAFT^［16］ 72.59
GMA^［17］ 60.93
FlowNet2+Rangels^［18］ 65.51
FlowNet2+ours 81.66

Table 3. AEPE obtained from different methods in ablation study

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Table 3. AEPE obtained from different methods in ablation study

Condition	FlowNet2^［14］	PWC-Net^［15］	RAFT^［16］	GMA^［17］
—	4.03	4.15	4.46	4.54
+finetune	4.74	5.06	4.51	4.59
+finetune+background	1.29	1.73	1.31	1.37
+finetune +gradientloss	5.09	4.88	4.52	4.59
+finetune+background+gradientloss	1.27	1.73	1.29	1.35

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Xiaoyu Gu, Xiaojing Gu, Jie Ding, Xingsheng Gu. Estimation of Gas Velocity in Optical Gas Imaging Based on Deep Optical Flow Network[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2024, 44(18): 1812001

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Paper Information

Category: Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Received: Jan. 31, 2024

Accepted: Mar. 12, 2024

Published Online: Sep. 11, 2024

The Author Email: Gu Xiaojing (xjing.gu@ecust.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS240598

CSTR:32393.14.AOS240598

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Performance comparison of different optical flow methods on the gas optical flow validation dataset

Table 1. Performance comparison of different optical flow methods on the gas optical flow validation dataset

Table 2. Comparison of velocity estimation accuracy of different optical flow methods on continuous synthetic gas data

Table 2. Comparison of velocity estimation accuracy of different optical flow methods on continuous synthetic gas data

Table 3. AEPE obtained from different methods in ablation study

Table 3. AEPE obtained from different methods in ablation study